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. 2024 Aug 14;23:92. doi: 10.1186/s12937-024-00990-w

Table 4.

Sensitivity analysis for daily or weekly supplementation of vitamin D

Group Study number; Patient number Dose–response meta-analysis, RR (95% CI) Pairwise Meta-analysis, RR (95% CI)
400 IU/d 800 IU/d 1200 IU/d
Sensitivity analysis
 Daily or weekly administration [28, 29, 3135, 3942, 44, 45, 49, 50, 52, 54, 5662, 64, 65, 69, 70] 28; 21,652 0.95 (0.90–1.01) 0.93 (0.86–1.01) 0.94 (0.87–1.01) 0.95 (0.91–0.99)
Subgroups
 Age group (years)
  < 7 [32, 39, 42, 52, 54, 56, 60, 69] 8; 4693 0.90 (0.82–0.98) 0.88 (0.79–0.98) 0.89 (0.81–0.98) 0.94 (0.88–1.01)
  7–17 [31, 33, 35, 44, 45, 61, 64, 65] 8; 11,463 0.68 (0.00–1.3e + 24) 0.64 (0.00–1.5e + 27) 0.73 (0.00–2.2e + 19) 0.95 (0.82–1.09)
  18–65 [28, 29, 34, 40, 41, 49, 50, 57, 59, 70] 10; 3079 0.94 (0.84–1.05) 0.90 (0.76–1.06) 0.88 (0.74–1.04) 0.88 (0.76–1.02)
  > 65[58, 62] 2; 2417 NA NA NA 1.01 (0.88–1.16)
 Gender proportion (%)
  Male > 60 [29, 33, 41, 44, 45] 5; 1114 0.63 (0.39–1.01) 0.72 (0.52–1.01) 0.83 (0.66–1.05) 0.85 (0.67–1.07)
  Male ≤ 60 [28, 31, 32, 34, 35, 39, 40, 42, 49, 50, 52, 54, 5662, 64, 65, 69, 70] 23; 20,538 0.97 (0.92–1.03) 0.96 (0.89–1.04) 0.96 (0.90–1.03) 0.96 (0.92–1.00)
 Comorbidity
  General [28, 29, 31, 35, 41, 42, 44, 45, 49, 52, 54, 5658, 6062, 64, 65, 69, 70] 21; 17,863 0.92 (0.00–3.2e + 26) 0.89 (0.00–1.9e + 37) 0.90 (0.00–1.4e + 33) 0.92 (0.85–0.99)
  Disease-specific [3234, 39, 40, 50, 59] 7; 3789 0.81 (0.64–1.04) 0.82 (0.67–1.02) 0.84 (0.68–1.03) 0.90 (0.78–1.04)
 Baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (nmol/L)
  < 50 [35, 50, 54, 57, 64, 70] 6; 10,379 0.85 (0.65–1.12) 0.86 (0.68–1.09) 0.87 (0.67–1.11) 0.90 (0.75–1.07)
  > 50 [28, 29, 33, 34, 39, 40, 42, 45, 49, 52, 56, 5862, 65] 17; 7669 0.97 (0.91–1.03) 0.95 (0.87–1.04) 0.95 (0.88–1.04) 0.94 (0.89–1.00)
 Trial duration (months)
  < 4 [28, 35, 41, 44, 45, 57, 58, 69, 70] 9; 2392 0.88 (0.62–1.26) 0.84 (0.52–1.35) 0.84 (0.55–1.29) 0.81 (0.64–1.02)
  4–12 [29, 3133, 39, 42, 49, 50, 52, 5961, 65] 13; 6064 0.89 (0.82–0.98) 0.87 (0.77–0.98) 0.89 (0.80–0.99) 0.93 (0.85–1.01)
  > 12 [34, 40, 54, 56, 62, 64] 6; 13,196 1.00 (0.92–1.09) 1.00 (0.92–1.10) 1.00 (0.94–1.07) 1.00 (0.98–1.02)
 Climatic zone
  Tropical or Subtropical [61, 65, 69, 70] 4; 2154 NA NA NA 0.73 (0.42–1.26)
  Temperate [28, 29, 3135, 3942, 44, 45, 49, 50, 52, 54, 5660, 62, 64] 24; 19,498 0.94 (0.89–0.99) 0.92 (0.85–0.99) 0.93 (0.87–0.99) 0.96 (0.92–1.00)
 Summer
  Summer-inclusive [32, 34, 40, 42, 49, 52, 54, 5659, 62, 64, 65, 69, 70] 16; 17,788 1.01 (0.96–1.06) 1.01 (0.94–1.08) 1.00 (0.94–1.07) 0.98 (0.95–1.02)
  Summer-sparing [28, 29, 31, 33, 35, 39, 41, 44, 45, 50, 60, 61] 12; 3864 0.80 (0.71–0.91) 0.74 (0.65–0.89) 0.78 (0.66–0.92) 0.85 (0.73–1.00)
 Winter
  Winter-dominant [28, 29, 31, 35, 39, 44, 45, 60] 8; 1658 0.69 (0.58–0.82) 0.70 (0.59–0.82) 0.80 (0.69–0.93) 0.79 (0.68–0.92)
  Winter-non-dominant [3234, 4042, 49, 50, 52, 54, 5659, 61, 62, 64, 65, 69, 70] 20; 19,994 0.99 (0.95–1.04) 0.99 (0.93–1.05) 0.99 (0.93–1.05) 0.98 (0.94–1.02)
Sensitivity analysis
 Type of ARIs
  Mixed upper and lower respiratory tract infections [29, 3235, 42, 49, 54, 56, 60, 62, 64, 65] 13; 15,552 0.91 (0.82–1.02) 0.90 (0.79–1.02) 0.93 (0.84–1.02) 0.95 (0.91–1.00)
  Upper respiratory tract infections [28, 3941, 45, 50, 52, 54, 5759, 61] 12; 5154 0.93 (0.86–1.00) 0.90 (0.80–1.00) 0.90 (0.79–1.01) 0.97 (0.90–1.04)
  Lower respiratory tract infections [54] 1; 300 NA NA NA 0.94 (0.79–1.12)
  Influenza [31, 44, 52, 58, 59, 61, 69] 7; 3425 0.92 (0.74–1.15) 0.89 (0.65–1.23) 0.91 (0.67–1.24) 0.96 (0.83–1.11)

ARI Acute respiratory infection, NA Not available