Table 2.

The details of the studies included in this research. Abbreviation: MPFLR, medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction; TTO, tibial tubercle osteotomy; CDI, Caton-Deschamps Index; TT-TG, tibial tubercle-trochlear groove

Author	Surgery included	Number of patients		Graft type	Indications of osteotomy	Outcome	Level of evidence	Follow-up time
		MPFL	MPFL + TTO
MIKASHIMA	MPFL	24	——	autogenous semitendinosus tendon	——	Kujala、Recurrent instability	IV	3 years
Ambrozic	MPFL	29	——	autogenous gracilis tendon	——	Kujala、Tegner	IV	4 years
Bitar	MPFL	21	——	autogenous patellar ligament	——	Kujala、Recurrent instability	I	2 years
Blanke	MPFL	52	——	autogenous gracilis tendon	——	Lysholm、Tegner、Recurrent instability	IV	2 years
Deie	MPFL	29	——	autogenous semitendinosus tendon	——	Kujala、Recurrent instability	IV	3 years
Drez	MPFL	19	——	autogenous semitendinosus and gracilis tendon	——	Kujala、Tegner	IV	2 years
Erickson	MPFL	90	——	autogenous or allogenous semitendinosus tendon	——	Kujala、Recurrent instability	IV	2 years
Goyal	MPFL	32	——	autogenous quadriceps tendon.	——	Kujala、Recurrent instability	IV	3 years
Hopper	MPFL	68	——	autogenous hamstring tendon.	——	Recurrent instability	IV	3 years
Kang	MPFL	40	——	autogenous semitendinosus tendon	——	Kujala、Lysholm、Recurrent instability	II	2 years
Kang	MPFL	42	——	autogenous semitendinosus tendon	——	Kujala、Lysholm、Recurrent instability	II	2 years
Kita(2012)	MPFL	24	——	autogenous semitendinosus tendon	——	Kujala、Recurrent instability	IV	2 years
Kita(2015)	MPFL	42	——	autogenous semitendinosus tendon	——	Kujala、Recurrent instability	III	3 years
Liu	MPFL	121	——	autogenous or allogenous hamsting tendon	——	Recurrent instability	IV	2 years
Ma	MPFL	32	——	autogenous semitendinosus tendon	——	Kujala、Tegner、Recurrent instability	II	3 years
Matsushita	MPFL	34	——	autogenous semitendinosus tendon	——	Kujala、Lysholm、Recurrent instability	III	3 years
Matthews	MPFL	21	——	autogenous semitendinosus and gracilis tendon	——	Kujala、Tegner、Recurrent instability	IV	3 years
Nelitz(2013)	MPFL	21	——	autogenous gracilis tendon	——	Kujala、Tegner、Recurrent instability	IV	3 years
Nelitz(2018)	MPFL	25	——	autogenous quadriceps tendon	——	Kujala、Tegner、Recurrent instability	III	3 years
Nomura	MPFL	12	——	autogenous semitendinosus tendon	——	Kujala、Tegner、Recurrent instability	IV	4 years
Panni	MPFL	48	——	autogenous semitendinosus tendon	——	Kujala、Lysholm、Recurrent instability	IV	3 years
Pesenti	MPFL	25	——	autogenous semitendinosus and gracilis tendon	——	Kujala、Recurrent instability	IV	3 years
Sappey-Marinier	MPFL	211	——	autogenous hamstring tendon	——	Recurrent instability	IV	6 years
Sillanpaa	MPFL	18	——	autogenous adductor magnus tendon	——	Kujala、Recurrent instability	III	8 years
Valkering	MPFL	31	——	autogenous gracilis tendon	——	Kujala、Recurrent instability	IV	3 years
von Engelhardt	MPFL	30	——	autogenous gracilis tendon	——	Kujala、Lysholm、Recurrent instability	IV	2 years
Wagner	MPFL	50	——	autogenous gracilis tendon	——	Kujala、Recurrent instability	IV	1 year
WitoNski	MPFL	10	——	autogenous patellar ligament	——	Kujala、Recurrent instability	IV	2 years
Mellecker	MPFL + TTO	——	26	allogenous hamstring tendon	TT-TG: 12–24 mm	Recurrent instability	IV	4 years
Ahmad	MPFL + TTO	——	15	autogenous gracilis tendon	TT-TG>18 mm; CDI>1.2	Kujala、Recurrent instability	IV	3 years
Allen	MPFL + TTO	——	28	autogenous semitendinosus, gracilis and quadriceps tendon, allogenous gracilis tendon	TT-TG>20 mm; CDI>1.2	Kujala、Tegner、Recurrent instability	IV	4 years
Chen	MPFL + TTO	——	25	autogenous semitendinosus tendon	TT-TG>20 mm	Kujala、Lysholm、Recurrent instability	III	3 years
Cossey	MPFL + TTO	——	19	autogenous medial retinaculum	No mentioned	Lysholm、Tegner、Recurrent instability	IV	2 years
Damasena	MPFL + TTO	——	17	autogenous semitendinosus tendon	TT-TG: 15 ± 3.5 mm	Recurrent instability	I	5 years
Franciozi(2017)	MPFL + TTO	——	48	autogenous semitendinosus tendon	TT-TG>17 mm	Recurrent instability	III	4 years
Frings	MPFL + TTO	——	72	autogenous semitendinosus and gracilis tendon	TT-TG>16 mm	Kujala、Lysholm、Tegner、Recurrent instability	IV	2 years
Jos	MPFL + TTO	——	21	autogenous hamstring tendon	TT-TG>15 mm; CDI> 1.4	Kujala、Lysholm、Recurrent instability	IV	3 years
Song	MPFL + TTO	——	11	autogenous semitendinosus tendon	TT-TG>15 mm	Recurrent instability	IV	3 years
Franciozi(2019)	MPFL、MPFL + TTO	24	18	autogenous semitendinosus tendon	TT-TG: 17–20 mm; CDI> 1.2	Kujala、Lysholm、Tegner、Recurrent instability	II	3 years
Mulliez	MPFL、MPFL + TTO	91	38	autogenous gracilis tendon	TT-TG>20 mm	Kujala、Recurrent instability	I	1 year
Neri	MPFL、MPFL + TTO	84	42	autogenous gracilis tendon	TT-TG>20 mm; CDI> 1.4	Recurrent instability	IV	6 years
Schottle	MPFL、MPFL + TTO	7	8	autogenous semitendinosus tendon	TT-TG>15 mm	Kujala、Recurrent instability	IV	4 years
Tscholl	MPFL、MPFL + TTO	72	43	autogenous gracilis tendon	TT-TG>15 mm; CDI> 1.2	Kujala、Tegner、Recurrent instability	IV	5 years
WATANABE	MPFL、MPFL + TTO	29	13	autogenous hamstring tendon	No mentioned	Lysholm	IV	4 years