Table 1.
Participant characteristics and results of questionnaires and functional tests for included and excluded individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain who were in a rehabilitation program
| Included individuals (N = 145) |
Excluded individuals (N = 153) | p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 47 (11) | 41 (12) | < 0.001 | |||
| Body height (cm) | 172 (8) | 173 (8) | 0.45 | |||
| Body mass (kg) | 82 (16) | 81 (17) | 0.78 | |||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28 (5) | 27 (5) | 0.48 | |||
| Sex | Male | 116 (80%) | 116 (76%) | |||
| Female | 29 (20%) | 37 (24%) | 0.39 | |||
| Native language | French | 95 (66%) | 92 (60%) | |||
| Other | 50 (34%) | 61 (40%) | 0.29 | |||
| Education level* | Low | 62 (43%) | 72 (47%) | |||
| High | 83 (57%) | 81 (53%) | 0.40 | |||
| Injury site | Upper limb | 68 (47%) | 60 (39%) | |||
| Lower limb | 44 (30%) | 54 (35%) | ||||
| Trunk | 28 (19%) | 39 (25%) | ||||
| Multiple areas | 5 (3%) | - | 0.05 | |||
| Severity of injury | Minor | 56 (39%) | 52 (34%) | |||
| Moderate | 69 (47%) | 81 (53%) | ||||
| Severe | 19 (13%) | 18 (12%) | ||||
| Unknown | 1 (3%) | 2 (1%) | 0.54 | |||
| SELF-REPORTED QUESTIONNAIRE VARIABLES | N | N | ||||
| Brief Pain Inventory (/10) | Severity | 144 | 4.5 (2.0) | 153 | 4.8 (2.0) | 0.33 |
| Interference | 144 | 4.5 (2.2) | 153 | 5.0 (2.1) | 0.03 | |
| Interference in walking | 144 | 3.7 (3.1) | 150 | 4.2 (3.3) | 0.28 | |
| Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (/21) | Anxiety | 143 | 9.2 (4.1) | 151 | 10.2 (3.9) | 0.05 |
| Depression | 143 | 6.7 (3.8) | 151 | 7.6 (4.2) | 0.05 | |
| Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (/68) | 144 | 43.1 (7.8) | 152 | 45.3 (7.9) | 0.02 | |
| Pain Catastrophizing Scale (/52) | 143 | 21 (11.6) | 152 | 24.8 (12.6) | 0.01 | |
| Patterns of Activity Measure-Pain (/40) | Avoidance | 107 | 26.4 (9.4) | 106 | 28.8 (7.9) | 0.05 |
| Pacing | 107 | 24.5 (8.6) | 106 | 25.7 (9.1) | 0.29 | |
| Overdoing | 107 | 22.3 (8.3) | 106 | 21.5 (8.3) | 0.45 | |
| functional tests | ||||||
| 6-min walk test (m) | 121 | 511 (129) | 138 | 511 (123) | 0.99 | |
| Steep ramp test (W) | 109 | 200 (91) | 121 | 206 (96) | 0.60 | |
Data are mean (SD) unless otherwise indicated. P-values are from Student t tests for continuous variable and chi-squared test for categorical variables. In bold: p-values < 0.05.
* compulsory school versus higher education.