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. 2024 Jul 24;632(8025):557–563. doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07714-4

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 4 — a-e indicate the changes of anthropogenic Nr inputs from N deposition, fossil fuel NO_x, fossil fuel NH₃, manure and fertilizer applications, respectively. For each SSP scenario, the annual scale factors were calculated by the ratios of future anthropogenic Nr to the 2019 levels, which is indicated by the dashed purple lines. The N deposition and fossil fuel data are from the input4MIPs (https://esgf-data.dkrz.de/projects/input4mips-dkrz/). Manure and fertilizer predictions are obtained from Mogollon, et al.⁹⁶.