Organization of the time course assays. MMLV infection was initiated by transfection of the proviral clone pNCA (a gift of S. Russell), and the Jurkat cells were infected with stocks of HIV-1 IIIB or HIV-2 ROD. After 2 to 3 weeks of culture, cells were used in time course assays. Chronically infected cells were split into an appropriate number of flasks or dishes, half of which were treated with antibiotic. At each time point, all cells were washed and either harvested or resuspended with or without drug treatment. Since all cells were washed whether or not they were harvested at the next time point, later-time-point cells undergo more washes. The practice of expressing values relative to control cells washed in parallel compensates for this disparity.