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. 2024 Aug 14;9:148. doi: 10.1038/s41541-024-00931-y

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© This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2024

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Fig. 9 — Tissue specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and antigen detection was visualized by IHC using rabbit polyclonal serum directed against CCHFV nucleoprotein. Representative images of histopathological findings in liver and spleen, and CCHF antigen detection by IHC are shown. A Mock-vaccinated animals when euthanasia criteria were met had extensive hepatocyte necrosis and CCHF antigen detection by IHC (red) in hepatocytes, intravascular leukocytes, and endothelial cells. Spleens had lymphoid reactivity and necrosis/apoptosis, with macrophage infiltration and extensive IHC staining (red). B Survivors in NP and NP + GP38 vaccine groups collected 14 dpc had scattered foci of inflammation with minimal or no hepatocyte necrosis and no or rare IHC staining (red). Spleens showed lymphoid reactivity without IHC staining. C IL1-B, D IL-6, and E TNF-alpha levels from plasma samples of surviving animals were determined by using ProcartaPlex Mouse Th1/Th2 Chemokine panel. Results are represented in pg/mL. Horizontal line represents the median value for the group. Statistical analyses were performed using non-parametric one-tailed Mann–Whitney U tests to compare cytokine levels (*p = 0.0571; **p = 0.0286).