Table 1.
Basic characteristics of 10,000 Japanese working women recruited to complete the internet survey.
| Characteristics | Total sample (n=10,000) | Experience with health-related IoTa or app use | ||||||||||
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Current use (n=1455) | Past use (n=695) | Never used (n=7850) | P value | ||||||||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 43.25 (11.41) | 42.69 (11.24) | 39.70 (11.56) | 43.66 (11.37) | <.001 | |||||||
| Satisfaction with current life (0-10), mean (SD) | 6.61 (2.42) | 6.84 (2.41) | 5.99 (2.57) | 6.63 (2.40) | <.001 | |||||||
| Level of perceived value of current life (0-10), mean (SD) | 6.65 (2.35) | 6.97 (2.41) | 6.07 (2.52) | 6.64 (2.32) | <.001 | |||||||
| Level of happiness felt yesterday (0-10), mean (SD) | 6.78 (2.55) | 7.04 (2.52) | 6.24 (2.67) | 6.77 (2.54) | <.001 | |||||||
| Level of anxiety felt yesterday (0-10), mean (SD) | 5.17 (2.79) | 5.27 (2.88) | 5.31 (2.68) | 5.14 (2.78) | .10 | |||||||
| Level of satisfaction with current workplace (0-10), mean (SD) | 6.18 (2.51) | 6.34 (2.59) | 5.92 (2.51) | 6.18 (2.49) | .001 | |||||||
| Level of satisfaction with leisure time (0-10), mean (SD) | 6.65 (2.42) | 6.86 (2.45) | 6.13 (2.51) | 6.66 (2.40) | <.001 | |||||||
| Currently pregnant, n (%) | 337 (3.4) | 70 (4.8) | 50 (7.2) | 217 (2.8) | <.001 | |||||||
| Marital status (living with spouse), n (%) | 5546 (55.5) | 829 (57) | 394 (56.7) | 4323 (55.1) | .32 | |||||||
| Number of children living together, n (%) | <.001 | |||||||||||
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None | 5638 (56.4) | 803 (55.2) | 364 (52.4) | 4471 (57) |
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1 | 2166 (21.7) | 315 (21.6) | 169 (24.3) | 1682 (21.4) |
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2 | 1649 (16.5) | 227 (15.6) | 109 (15.7) | 1313 (16.7) |
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3 | 457 (4.6) | 89 (6.1) | 40 (5.8) | 328 (4.2) |
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4 | 67 (0.7) | 14 (1) | 8 (1.2) | 45 (0.6) |
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≥5 | 23 (0.2) | 7 (0.5) | 5 (0.7) | 11 (0.1) |
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| Occupation, n (%) | <.001 | |||||||||||
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Management or executive | 67 (0.7) | 17 (1.2) | 7 (1) | 43 (0.5) |
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Company employee (full-time) | 3600 (36) | 622 (42.7) | 310 (44.6) | 2668 (34) |
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Company employee | 517 (5.2) | 83 (5.7) | 35 (5) | 399 (5.1) |
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Company employee (temporary employee) | 453 (4.5) | 68 (4.7) | 37 (5.3) | 348 (4.4) |
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Public employee (excluding teaching staff) | 267 (2.7) | 60 (4.1) | 26 (3.7) | 181 (2.3) |
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Faculty member | 220 (2.2) | 35 (2.4) | 24 (3.5) | 161 (2.1) |
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Health care provider | 614 (6.1) | 78 (5.4) | 42 (6) | 494 (6.3) |
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Professional | 39 (0.4) | 9 (0.6) | 7 (1) | 23 (0.3) |
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Independent business/self -employed workforce | 598 (6) | 68 (4.7) | 38 (5.5) | 492 (6.3) |
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Part-time work | 3625 (36.2) | 415 (28.5) | 169 (24.3) | 3041 (38.7) |
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| Working shift, n (%) | <.001 | |||||||||||
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Permanent day shift | 9245 (92.4) | 1345 (92.4) | 597 (85.9) | 7303 (93) |
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Permanent night shift | 212 (2.1) | 44 (3) | 46 (6.6) | 122 (1.6) |
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Alternating shifts (both day shift and night shift) | 543 (5.4) | 66 (4.5) | 52 (7.5) | 425 (5.4) |
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| Average work duration per day in the p revious month (hours), n (%) | <.001 | |||||||||||
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<6 | 2908 (29.1) | 342 (23.5) | 156 (22.4) | 2410 (30.7) |
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6-8 | 4496 (45) | 692 (47.6) | 316 (45.5) | 3488 (44.4) |
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8-10 | 2235 (22.4) | 364 (25) | 191 (27.5) | 1680 (21.4) |
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>10 | 361 (3.6) | 57 (3.9) | 32 (4.6) | 272 (3.5) |
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| Income (¥b), n (%) | <.001 | |||||||||||
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<2 million | 1103 (11) | 117 (8) | 67 (9.6) | 919 (11.7) |
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2-4 million | 2430 (24.3) | 289 (19.9) | 140 (20.1) | 2001 (25.5) |
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4-6 million | 2356 (23.6) | 321 (22.1) | 172 (24.7) | 1863 (23.7) |
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6-8 million | 1741 (17.4) | 296 (20.3) | 118 (17) | 1327 (16.9) |
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8-10 million | 1159 (11.6) | 185 (12.7) | 86 (12.4) | 888 (11.3) |
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10-12 million | 586 (5.9) | 121 (8.3) | 54 (7.8) | 411 (5.2) |
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12-14 million | 247 (2.5) | 34 (2.3) | 28 (4) | 185 (2.4) |
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>14 million | 378 (3.8) | 92 (6.3) | 30 (4.3) | 256 (3.3) |
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| Education, n (%) | <.001 | |||||||||||
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Junior high school | 150 (1.5) | 11 (0.8) | 13 (1.9) | 126 (1.6) |
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High school | 2708 (27.1) | 296 (20.3) | 132 (19) | 2280 (29) |
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Junior college | 1571 (15.7) | 205 (14.1) | 90 (12.9) | 1276 (16.3) |
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Vocational school | 1706 (17.1) | 221 (15.2) | 122 (17.6) | 1363 (17.4) |
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Undergraduate | 3574 (35.7) | 646 (44.4) | 310 (44.6) | 2618 (33.4) |
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Graduate | 291 (2.9) | 76 (5.2) | 28 (4) | 187 (2.4) |
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| Medical history, n (%) | ||||||||||||
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None | 7826 (78.3) | 1027 (70.6) | 516 (74.2) | 6283 (80) | <.001 | ||||||
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Infertilityc | 194 (1.9) | 56 (3.8) | 26 (3.7) | 112 (1.4) | <.001 | ||||||
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Female cancerd | 207 (2.1) | 52 (3.6) | 27 (3.9) | 128 (1.6) | <.001 | ||||||
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High blood pressure | 507 (5.1) | 104 (7.1) | 45 (6.5) | 358 (4.6) | <.001 | ||||||
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Diabetes mellitus | 195 (2) | 44 (3) | 27 (3.9) | 124 (1.6) | <.001 | ||||||
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Hyperlipidemia | 327 (3.3) | 64 (4.4) | 26 (3.7) | 237 (3) | .02 | ||||||
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Stroke | 47 (0.5) | 17 (1.2) | 11 (1.6) | 19 (0.2) | <.001 | ||||||
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Heart disease | 57 (0.6) | 12 (0.8) | 6 (0.9) | 39 (0.5) | .18 | ||||||
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Chronic kidney disease | 41 (0.4) | 9 (0.6) | 8 (1.2) | 24 (0.3) | .002 | ||||||
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Others | 1007 (10.1) | 184 (12.6) | 54 (7.8) | 769 (9.8) | <.001 | ||||||
| Smoking status, n (%) | 1373 (13.7) | 254 (17.5) | 126 (18.1) | 993 (12.6) | <.001 | |||||||
| Exercise twice a weeke (yes), n (%) | 1832 (18.3) | 487 (33.5) | 155 (22.3) | 1190 (15.2) | <.001 | |||||||
| Alcohol intake, n (%) | < .001 | |||||||||||
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Daily | 1299 (13) | 266 (18.3) | 86 (12.4) | 947 (12.1) |
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Occasionally | 2998 (30) | 498 (34.2) | 295 (42.4) | 2205 (28.1) |
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Never | 5703 (57) | 691 (47.5) | 314 (45.2) | 4698 (59.8) |
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| Total average sleep duration per month (hours), n (%) | .24 | |||||||||||
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<5 | 1178 (11.8) | 165 (11.3) | 88 (12.7) | 925 (11.8) |
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5-6 | 3405 (34.1) | 481 (33.1) | 245 (35.3) | 2679 (34.1) |
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6-7 | 3511 (35.1) | 516 (35.5) | 248 (35.7) | 2747 (35) |
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7-8 | 1525 (15.2) | 248 (17) | 93 (13.4) | 1184 (15.1) |
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>8 | 381 (3.8) | 45 (3.1) | 21 (3) | 315 (4) | |||||||
aIoT: Internet of Things.
bA currency exchange rate of ¥1=US $0.006 is applicable.
cIncluding cases with unknown reasons for infertility.
dCervical, uterine, ovarian, or breast cancer.
eExercise for at least 30 minutes twice a week for at least 1 year.