Table 2.
Artificial intelligence chatbot hallucinating/erroneous reference identifiers’ results.
| Reference identifier | ChatGPT | Perplexity | SciSpace | Elicit | Bing | Chi-square (df) | P value |
| Title | 82 | 41 | 0 | 0 | 46 | 231.4 (4) | <.001 |
| Digit Object Identifier | 89 | 73 | 8 | 4 | 53 | 261.26 (4) | <.001 |
| Journal name | 83 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 49 | 249.4 (4) | <.001 |
| Authors’ names | 89 | 74 | 0 | 0 | 65 | 341.1 (4) | <.001 |
| Publication date | 88 | 48 | 0 | 40 | 61 | 199.9 (4) | <.001 |
| Reference web link | 84 | 49 | 3 | 1 | 50 | 231.4 (4) | <.001 |
| Reference relevance to topic prompt | 77 | 63 | 60 | 58 | 50 | 10.77 (4) | .03 |