Table 2.
Summary of taurine interventions administered in the study treatment arms of the retrieved trials
| First author & year | Daily taurine dose (N) | Control (N) | Population | Duration | Taurine product / manufacturer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azuma 1983 [33] | 6 g/day (58) | Matching placebo (58) | Congestive heart failure | 4 weeksa | Not mentioned |
| Azuma 1985 [32] | 6 g/day (14) | Matching placebo (14) | Congestive heart failure | 4 weeksa | Not mentioned |
| Fujita 1987 [29] | 6 g/day (10) | Matching placebo (9) | Borderline hypertension | 7 days | Not mentioned |
| Azuma 1992 [34] | 3 g/day (7) | Active placebo (10) | Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy | 6 weeks | Taurine sachet / not mentioned |
| Jeejeebhoy 2002 [27] | 3 g/day (20) | Matching placebo (18) | Aortocoronary artery bypass patients | 35 days | MyoVive / Numico Research, Zoetermeer, The Netherlands |
| Spohr 2005 [20] | 1.5 g/day (18) | Matching placebo (44) | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 8 weeksa | Taurine capsules / Not mentioned |
| Adamchik 2010 [36] | 1 g/day (39) | Active placebo (39) | Diastolic heart failure and metabolic syndrome | 12 months | Ultrasome capsules / Herbamed Ltd. (Israel) |
| Moloney 2010 [26] | 1.5 g/day (9) | Matching placebo (10) | Type 1 diabetes mellitus | 14 daysa | Taurine tablet / Twinlab |
| Sedova 2010 [22] | 1 g/day (32) | Active placebo (33) | Functional class II-III congestive heart failure | 30 days | Taurine capsules / "dibicor" Pic-Pharma, Russia) |
| Beyranvand 2011 [31] | 1.5 g/day (15) | Matching placebo (14) | Heart failure with left ventricular ejection fraction less than 50% | 2 weeks | Taurine capsules / Solgar, Leonia, NJ, USA |
| Roshan 2011 [23] | 1.5 g/day (7) | Matching placebo (8) | Heart failure | 2 weeks | Taurine capsules / Pik Daroo Company |
| Gordeev 2012 [28] | 1.5 g/day (20) | Active placebo (20) | Patients with functional class II-III congestive heart failure | 3 months | Taurine capsules / Not mentioned |
| Averin 2015 [35] | 0.5 g/day (24) | Matching placebo (24) | Coronary heart disease / heart valve defects | 3 months | Taurine capsules / Pik-Pharma, Russian Federation |
| Ra 2016 [24] | 6 g/day (15) | Matching placebo (14) | Healthy men | 15 days | Taurine capsules / Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Japan |
| Sun 2016 [19] | 1.6 g/day (42) | Matching placebo (20) | Prehypertensive individuals | 12 weeks | Taurine capsules / Not mentioned |
| Ahmadian 2017 [37] | 1.5 g/day (8) | Matching placebo (8) | Heart failure | 2 weeks | Taurine capsules / Solgar, Leonia, NJ, USA |
| Schwarzer 2018 [21] | 6 g/day (12) | Matching placebo (10) | Patients with hepatic venous pressure gradient ≥ 12 mm Hg | 4 weeks | Taurine capsules / Not mentioned |
| Esmaeili 2021 [30] | 3 g/day (23) | Matching placebo (23) | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 8 weeks | Taurine capsules / Karen Pharmaceutical Co |
| Zaki 2021 [18] | 0.6 g/day (20) | Comparable placebo (18) | Peripartum cardiomyopathy | 5 days | 10 ml/kg taurine solution 10% (Aminoven®, Fresenius‑Kabi, Egypt) |
| Moludi 2022 [25] | 3 g/day (60) | Matching placebo (60) | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 8 weeks | Taurine capsules / Karen Food Supplement Co., Iran |
atreatment period of placebo or taurine in a cross-over study