Fig. 2.

MR estimated the causal association between epigenetic age acceleration and age-related eye diseases using the inverse-variance weighted method. GCP, DNAm-based granulocyte proportions; IEAA, intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration; PAI-1, DNAm-based plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels; AMD, age-related macular degeneration; DR, diabetic retinopathy; PACG, primary angle-closure glaucoma; POAG, primary open-angle glaucoma; RRD, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment; RVO, retinal vascular occlusion; ARC, age-related cataract; P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant