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. 2024 Aug 7;30(29):3488–3510. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i29.3488

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©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.

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Effect of leech Poecilobdella manillensis total protein extract treatment on hyperuricemia. A: Serum uric acid levels; B: Urine uric acid levels; C: Liver xanthine oxidase activity; D: Serum creatinine levels; E: Blood urea nitrogen levels; F: Renal tissue hematoxylin and eosin staining pathology under 200 × magnification. Statistical significance determined by ANOVA is indicated as follows: ^aP < 0.05 vs hyperuricemia model group (HUA); ^bP < 0.01 vs HUA; ^cP < 0.001 vs HUA; ^dP < 0.05 vs normal control group (CON); ^eP < 0.01 vs CON; ^fP < 0.001 vs CON. CON: Normal control group; HUA: Hyperuricemia model group; AP: Allopurinol treatment group; LTP: Leech Poecilobdella manillensis total protein extract treatment group; XOD: Xanthine oxidase; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen.