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. 2024 Aug 7;30(29):3488–3510. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i29.3488

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©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.

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Leech Poecilobdella manillensis total protein extract alters the gut microbiota in potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia mice. A: Shannon index across three groups; B: Simpson index across three groups; C: Partial least squares discriminant analysis of three groups; D: Principal coordinate analysis of three groups; E: Distribution plot of relative abundance at the phylum level of bacteria; F: Distribution plot of relative abundance at the genus level of bacteria; G: Cladogram from linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis identifying highly differentiated taxa from phylum to genus levels; H: Linear discriminant analysis graph from LefSe analysis identifying highly differentiated taxa from phylum to genus levels; I: Predicted functional pathways of gut microbiota in hyperuricemia model group (HUA) vs leech Poecilobdella manillensis total protein extract treatment group; J: Predicted functional pathways of gut microbiota in normal control group vs HUA. Statistical significance is indicated as follows: ^aP < 0.05 vs hyperuricemia model group. Sample size: n = 6 per group. CON: Normal control group; HUA: Hyperuricemia model group; LTP: Leech Poecilobdella manillensis total protein extract treatment group; LDA: Linear discriminant analysis.