Table 10.
Fixed-effect estimates for model of pupillary responses from 0 to 3 seconds time-locked to QuickSIN target sentence offset to examine the effect of SNR and age group (observations = 63,184, groups: participant x SNR = 359, participant = 63)
| Fixed Effect | Estimate | SE | 95% CI | t | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Intercept | −0.36 | 0.81 | [−1.95, 1.22] | −0.45 | .652 |
| otl | −10.33 | 6.06 | [−22.20, 1.54] | −1.71 | .088 |
| ot2 | −2.24 | 3.12 | [−8.35, 3.88] | −0.72 | .474 |
| SNR 0 | 7.40 | 1.00 | [5.45, 9.36] | 7.43 | < .001 |
| SNR 5 | 6.93 | 1.00 | [4.97, 8.88] | 6.95 | < .001 |
| SNR 10 | 1.86 | 1.00 | [−0.09, 3.82] | 1.87 | 0.062 |
| SNR 15 | 0.84 | 1.01 | [−1.13, 2.81] | 0.83 | .404 |
| SNR 20 | −0.55 | 1.00 | [−2.50, 1.41] | −0.55 | .583 |
| ot1 x SNR 0 | 60.92 | 7.15 | [46.91, 74.92] | 8.52 | < .001 |
| ot1 x SNR 5 | 45.16 | 7.15 | [31.15, 59.16] | 6.32 | < .001 |
| ot1 x SNR 10 | 20.10 | 7.15 | [6.10, 34.11] | 2.81 | .005 |
| ot1 x SNR 15 | 13.38 | 7.21 | [−0.76, 27.51] | 1.85 | .064 |
| ot1 x SNR 20 | 12.27 | 7.15 | [−1.74, 26.28] | 1.72 | .086 |
| ot2 x SNR 0 | −3.41 | 4.19 | [−11.62, 4.81] | −0.81 | .416 |
| ot2 x SNR 5 | −14.97 | 4.19 | [−23.19, −6.75] | −3.57 | < .001 |
| ot2 x SNR 10 | 6.43 | 4.19 | [−1.78, 14.65] | 1.53 | .125 |
| ot2 x SNR 15 | 8.83 | 4.23 | [0.54, 17.12] | 2.09 | .037 |
| ot2 x SNR 20 | 7.83 | 4.19 | [−0.39, 16.05] | 1.87 | .062 |
| Group (MA vs. YA) | −0.30 | 1.16 | [−2.57, 1.97] | −0.26 | .796 |
| Group x SNR 0 | 1.64 | 1.44 | [−1.18, 4.46] | 1.14 | .254 |
| Group x SNR 5 | 0.37 | 1.43 | [−2.43, 3.16] | 0.26 | .796 |
| Group x SNR 10 | 3.16 | 1.43 | [0.36, 5.97] | 2.21 | .027 |
| Group x SNR 15 | 3.79 | 1.45 | [0.95, 6.63] | 2.62 | .009 |
| Group x SNR 20 | 2.63 | 1.45 | [−0.22, 5.47] | 1.81 | .071 |
| ot1x Group | 3.28 | 8.67 | [−13.72, 20.27] | 0.38 | .706 |
| ot1 x Group x SNR 0 | −0.89 | 10.33 | [−21.13, 19.36] | −0.09 | .932 |
| ot1 x Group x SNR 5 | 4.05 | 10.23 | [−15.99, 24.10] | 0.40 | .692 |
| ot1 x Group x SNR 10 | 25.33 | 10.26 | [5.21, 45.44] | 2.47 | .014 |
| ot1 x Group x SNR 15 | 14.01 | 10.40 | [−6.37, 34.39] | 1.35 | .178 |
| ot1 x Group x SNR 20 | 6.24 | 10.43 | [−14.20, 26.67] | 0.60 | .550 |
| ot2 x Group | 5.50 | 4.48 | [−3.29, 14.29] | 1.23 | .220 |
| ot2 x Group x SNR 0 | −11.67 | 6.04 | [−23.51, 0.18] | −1.93 | .053 |
| ot2 x Group x SNR 5 | 3.62 | 5.99 | [−8.11, 15.36] | 0.61 | .545 |
| ot2 x Group x SNR 10 | −6.72 | 6.01 | [−18.50, 5.06] | −1.12 | .264 |
| ot2 x Group x SNR 15 | −18.83 | 6.09 | [−30.77, −6.90] | −3.09 | .002 |
| ot2 x Group x SNR 20 | −17.10 | 6.10 | [−29.06, −5.15] | −2.80 | .005 |
Growth curve formula: lmer(Pupil ~ (ot1 + ot2)*Group*SNR + (ot1 + ot2 | participant) + (ot1 + ot2 | participant:SNR), control = lmerControl(optimizer = ‘bobyqa’), REML = FALSE). Orthogonal polynomial terms: ot1 = linear (slope); ot2 = quadratic (curvature)