Table 1. General characteristics of HUNT and UKB samples.
In HUNT symptoms of anxiety and depression were assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and in UK Biobank by the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD‐7) and 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), respectively. Neuroticism was assessed using a six-item and a 12-item Eysenck Personality Questionnaire in HUNT and UK Biobank, respectively (see eMethods).
| HUNT | UK Biobank | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | Male | Total | Female | Male | Total | |
| 13 814 (51.60) | 12 956 (48.40) | 26 770 | 20 278 (57.74) | 14 840 (42.26) | 35 118 | |
| Education (years) | ||||||
| Median (IQR) | 10 (10, 13) | 13 (10, 13) | 13 (10, 13) | 10 (10, 20) | 13 (10, 20) | 13 (10, 20) |
| Mean (SD) | 12.28 (2.89) | 12.71 (2.93) | 12.49 (2.91) | 13.22 (5.00) | 13.95 (5.19) | 13.53 (5.09) |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| Median (IQR) | 51.50 (42, 65) | 51.30 (42, 64) | 51.40 (42, 65) | 58 (52, 63) | 58 (52, 63) | 58 (52, 63) |
| Mean (SD) | 53.61 (14.31) | 53.25 (13.80) | 53.43 (14.07) | 56.89 (7.28) | 57.28 (7.42) | 57.05 (7.34) |
| Anxiety | ||||||
| Median (IQR) | 4 (2, 7) | 3 (2, 6) | 4 (2, 6) | 1 (0, 3)a | 0 (0, 2)a | 0 (0, 3)a |
| Mean (SD) | 4.60 (3.51) | 3.85 (3.11) | 4.24 (3.34) | 2.14 (3.22)a | 1.56 (2.81)a | 1.91 (3.08)a |
| >10, n (%) | 1325 (9.59) | 717 (5.53) | 2042 (7.63) | 108 (3.65)a | 56 (2.94)a | 164 (3.37)a |
| Depression | ||||||
| Median (IQR) | 3 (1, 5) | 3 (1, 6) | 3 (1, 6) | 2 (0, 4)a | 1 (0, 3)a | 2 (0, 4)a |
| Mean (SD) | 3.63 (3.07) | 3.87 (3.09) | 3.75 (3.08) | 2.79 (3.56)a | 2.41 (3.55)a | 2.64 (3.56)a |
| > 10, n (%) | 717 (5.19) | 734 (5.67) | 1451 (5.42) | 165 (5.58)a | 93 (4.88)a | 258 (5.31)a |
| Neuroticism | ||||||
| Median (IQR) | 1.80 (0, 3)b | 1 (0, 2)b | 1 (0, 3)b | 4 (2, 7)c | 3 (1, 6)c | 4 (1, 6)c |
| Mean (SD) | 1.94 (1.82)b | 1.31 (1.55)b | 1.65 (1.73)b | 4.49 (3.22)c | 3.49 (3.18)c | 4.07 (3.24)c |
| Psych. med. | ||||||
| n (%) | 1604 (11.61) | 784 (6.05) | 2388 (8.92) | 2038 (10.05) | 896 (6.04) | 2934 (8.35) |
Abbreviations and symbology: n, number; %, percentage; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation; Psych. med., psychotropic medication usage;
assessed in 4863 participants (n female = 2959 (60.85%), n male = 1904 (39.15%));
assessed in 16 718 participants (n female = 8965 (53.62%), n male = 7753 (46.38%));
assessed in 23 852 participants (n female = 13 664 (57.29%), n male = 10 188 (42.71%)).