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. 2024 Aug 15;19(8):e0308930. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308930

Table 4. Comparison of littering behavior scenarios.

Schultz et al. 2013 (65%) 85% 35% 10%
SER quintile Butts per m2 IRR Butts per m2 IRR Butts per m2 IRR Butts per m2 IRR
0.0–0.2 0.0153 0.0200 0.0083 0.0024
0.2–0.4 0.0112 0.73 0.0146 0.73 0.0060 0.73 0.0017 0.73
0.4–0.6 0.0135 0.88 0.0177 0.88 0.0073 0.88 0.0021 0.88
0.6–0.8 0.0274 1.79 0.0359 1.79 0.0148 1.79 0.0042 1.79
0.8–1.0 0.0858 5.60 0.1122 5.60 0.0462 5.60 0.0132 5.60
Total cigarette butts 145,772,501,112 190,625,578,336 78,492,885,197 22,426,538,628

Data represent the area-weighted littered cigarette butt density (butts/m2) among quintiles of Social-Environmental Risk (SER) and incidence rate ratios (IRR) for the Schutlz et al 2013 scenario (65%) compared to littering of 85%, 35%, and 10% of all cigarettes. Incidence rate ratios and intervals are back-transformed from the log scale. The total modeled number of cigarette butts littered in a year is presented for each scenario.