Table 1. Patient demographics of the study cohort and differences between high adherence (HAG) and low adherence group (LAG).
| All patients | QI adherence groups* | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| HAG | LAG | ||
| n = 20220 | n = 4879 | n = 15341 | |
| Demographics | |||
| Age in years a | 64.6 (36.9) | 64.1 (22.8) | 64.8 (22.0) |
| Male sex (%) | 11780 (58.3) | 2954 (60.5) | 8826 (57.5) |
| Admission type (%) | |||
| Elective surgery | 7159 (35.4) | 2437 (49.9) | 4722 (30.8) |
| Emergency surgery | 4349 (21.5) | 908 (18.6) | 3441 (22.4) |
| Medical | 8712 (43.1) | 1534 (31.4) | 7178 (46.8) |
| Score on admission | |||
| APACHE II | 15 [10;22] | 14 [9;22] | 15 [10;21] |
| SAPS II | 34 [24;49] | 34 [24;50] | 35 [24;48] |
| CCI (age-adjusted) | 5 [3;8] | 5 [3;7] | 5 [3;8] |
| Adherence to quality indicator | |||
| QI overall | 0.79 [0.63;0.89] | 0.94 [0.92;0.99] | 0.73 [0.56;0.81] |
| QI sedation | 0.81 [0.63;0.92] | 0.97 [0.90;1.0] | 0.75 [0.50;0.85] |
| QI pain | 0.81 [0.67;0.91] | 0.97 [0.91;1.0] | 0.75 [0.58;0.83] |
| QI delirium | 0.78 [0.57;0.90] | 1.00 [0.91;1.0] | 0.70 [0.5;0.82] |
| Outcome parameter | |||
| Patients with MV (%)** | 14637 (72,4%) | 3698 (75,8%) | 10939 (71,3%) |
| Duration of MV (hours) | 45 [12;163] | 34 [11;95] | 51 [12;196] |
| LOS study ICU | 3.7 [1.9;8.0] | 3.6 [1.8;6.6] | 3.8 [1.9;9.0] |
| LOS hospital | 14 [8;23] | 13 [8;20] | 14 [8;24] |
| Death ICU | 2024 (10%) | 351 (7.2%) | 1673 (10.9%) |
| Death hospital | 2590 (12.8%) | 448 (9.2%) | 2142 (14.0%) |
| Readmission hospital | 725 (3.6%) | 543 (3.5%) | 182 (3.7%) |
| Economic outcomes | |||
| DRG income (in €) | 17080 [8503;32397] | 17348 [10156;27942] | 17010 [8156;33133] |
| Total costs (in €) | 17815 [10477;30657] | 16820 [11349;25624] | 18415 [10208;32536] |
| Revenue margin (in €) | -320 [-3928;4840] | 197 [-3236;5277] | -482 [-4193;4679] |
*threshold value ≥ 8/9
**patients with at least 1 hour of mechanical ventilation (MV); percent of complete cohort or respective adherence group; All values presented as median with interquartile range, except where indicated. aMean value with standard deviation; SAPS = Simplified Acute Physiologic Score; CCI = Charlson Comorbidity Index. DRG = Diagnosis related groups.