Table 3.
Autochthonous Salmonella Typhi Infections of Individuals Who Did Not Present Clinically as Acute Typhoid Illness but Rather Appeared to be Chronic Biliary or Chronic Urinary Typhoid Carriers and Results of Epidemiological Investigations to Detect Household Contacts Excreting S Typhi
| Case ID (Lab ID), Date of Isolation |
Index Case | Household Contacts | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age and Sex of the Case (Clinical Specimen) |
Country of Birth | History of Recent Travel or Immigration | Presumed Place of Acquisition of Infection | Serum IgG Anti-Vi Titer, μg/mL |
Follow-up Period | Contacts Sampled/Total Contacts | Sex | Age | Stool Specimens (No. Positive/No. Tested) |
History/Presence of Gallstones | ||
| Positive Culture | Positive qPCR | |||||||||||
| Case 10 (1329-2018), 25-04-2018 |
47 y, M (urine) |
Chile | No | Chile, autochthonous | 281.1 | Feb 2019 | 2/2 | F M |
68 y 67 y |
0/3 0/3 |
0/3 0/3 |
Y; C ’70 N |
| Case 11 (1738-2018), 17-06-2018 |
65 y, M (bilious peritoneal fluid from ruptured gallbladder in an individual with chronic gallbladder disease who was awaiting cholecystectomy when he presented with an acute abdomen requiring surgical intervention) |
Chile | No | Chile, autochthonous |
333.6 | Feb 2019 | 6/6 | F F F F M M |
62 y 34 y 4 y 31 y 9 y 2 y |
0/3 0/3 0/3 0/3 0/3 0/3 |
0/3 0/3 0/3 0/3 0/3 0/3 |
N N N N N N |
| Case 14 (426-2019), 01-02-2019 |
26 y, F (stool) |
Haiti | No | Chile, autochthonous |
13.9 | Feb 2019 | 1/1 | M | 39 y | 0/3 | 0/3 | N |
Case ID = case number assigned in chronological order; Lab ID = laboratory sample identifier; Date of isolation = day-month-year; Age of the case = years or months if <2 years of age; Country of birth = self-reported; Recent travel = foreign travel outside Chile within 30 days prior to clinical presentation; Presumed place of acquisition of infection = determination made by study team based on all available epidemiologic information collected through household investigations; Serum anti-Vi IgG titer = serum anti-Vi IgG titer measured in adult carriers, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, using the US National Institutes of Health Reference Standard reagent Vi-IgGR1; Follow-up period = the month of initial household investigation, lasting 2–4 weeks; Contacts sampled/total contacts = the number of household contacts who gave consent and stool specimens over the total number of household contacts reported (including absent or nonconsenting contacts); Sex = biological sex of household contact reported by self or family member; Age = age of contact reported by self or family member; Stool specimens (No. positive/No. tested) = the number of stool specimens positive for Salmonella Typhi by qPCR or culture over the total number of stool specimens collected; History/presence of gallstones = history or presence of gallstones (cholelithiasis), Yes (Y) or No (N), if yes then confirmed by ultrasound or cholecystectomy and date abbreviated into a 2-digit format (’YY).
Abbreviations: C, cholecystectomy; F, female; IgG, immunoglobulin G; M, male; qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction.