Table 1.
Participant Characteristics at Baseline
| Characteristic | Control, N = 31a |
N Missing |
CSII, N = 28a |
N Missing |
Basal insulin, N = 26a |
N Missing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic and anthropometric characteristics | ||||||
| Female | 15 (48.4%) | 0 | 10 (35.7%) | 0 | 10 (40.0%) | 1 |
| Recipient age (y) | 53.3 ± 15.2 | 0 | 52.8 ± 11.6 | 0 | 55.8 ± 12.9 | 0 |
| Recipient age ≥ 60 y | 12 (38.7%) | 0 | 6 (21.4%) | 0 | 10 (38.5%) | 0 |
| Weight (kg) | 75.5 (68.8-85.1) | 3 | 76.8 (70.0-86.8) | 0 | 76.7 (70.5-85.7) | 3 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.1 (22.5-28.5) | 3 | 24.8 (22.9-29.0) | 0 | 25.6 (23.4-30.1) | 3 |
| BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 | 6 (21.4%) | 3 | 7 (25.0%) | 0 | 6 (26.1%) | 3 |
| Smoking status | 10 | 5 | 5 | |||
| Current | 3 (14.3%) | 6 (26.1%) | 5 (23.8%) | |||
| Former | 9 (42.9%) | 5 (21.7%) | 4 (19.0%) | |||
| Never | 9 (42.9%) | 12 (52.2%) | 12 (57.1%) | |||
| Antihypertensive medications | 4 | 2 | 3 | |||
| None | 5 (18.5%) | 4 (15.4%) | 4 (17.4%) | |||
| 1 or 2 | 14 (51.9%) | 9 (34.6%) | 8 (34.8%) | |||
| 3 or more | 8 (29.6%) | 13 (50.0%) | 11 (47.8%) | |||
| Transplant-related risk factors | ||||||
| Family history of diabetes | 2 (8.7%) | 8 | 5 (19.2%) | 2 | 5 (23.8%) | 5 |
| Chronic hepatitis C | 1 (3.6%) | 3 | 0 (0.0%) | 0 | 0 (0.0%) | 4 |
| CMV antibody positive | 16 (57.1%) | 3 | 20 (71.4%) | 0 | 13 (56.5%) | 3 |
| CMV high risk | 5 (18.5%) | 4 | 5 (17.9%) | 0 | 7 (30.4%) | 3 |
| PRA highest ≥ 10% | 2 (7.1%) | 3 | 4 (14.8%) | 1 | 2 (8.7%) | 3 |
| Number of mismatches | 2.4 ± 1.4 | 3 | 2.9 ± 1.1 | 1 | 3.0 ± 1.4 | 3 |
| Repeat transplant | 4 (14.3%) | 3 | 6 (21.4%) | 0 | 5 (21.7%) | 3 |
| Living donor | 1 (3.6%) | 3 | 0 (0.0%) | 0 | 0 (0.0%) | 3 |
| Primary kidney disease | 5 | 0 | 3 | |||
| Glomerular disease | 12 (46.2%) | 6 (21.4%) | 4 (17.4%) | |||
| Vascular disease | 6 (23.1%) | 6 (21.4%) | 7 (30.4%) | |||
| Polycystic kidney disease | 3 (11.5%) | 5 (17.9%) | 5 (21.7%) | |||
| Tubulointerstitial disease | 1 (3.8%) | 1 (3.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | |||
| Unknown | 4 (15.4%) | 10 (35.7%) | 7 (30.4%) | |||
| Comorbid conditions | 4 | 0 | 3 | |||
| Cardiovascular | 10 (37.0%) | 16 (57.1%) | 10 (43.5%) | |||
| Respiratory | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (17.9%) | 4 (17.4%) | |||
| Urinary | 1 (3.7%) | 2 (7.1%) | 1 (4.3%) | |||
| Endocrinologic | 3 (11.1%) | 6 (21.4%) | 1 (4.3%) | |||
| Neurologic | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (8.7%) | |||
| Psychiatric | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (4.3%) | |||
| Other | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (3.6%) | 0 (0%) | |||
| Maintenance immunosuppression early after transplantation | ||||||
| Tacrolimus | 31 (100.0%) | 0 | 28 (100.0%) | 0 | 26 (100.0%) | 0 |
| Mycophenolate mofetil | 20 (71.4%) | 3 | 16 (57.1%) | 0 | 11 (47.8%) | 3 |
| Mycophenolic acid | 8 (28.6%) | 3 | 12 (42.9%) | 0 | 12 (52.2%) | 3 |
| Steroid | 31 (100.0%) | 0 | 28 (100.0%) | 0 | 26 (100.0%) | 0 |
Abbreviations: CSII, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion; BMI, body mass index; CMV, cytomegalovirus; PRA, panel reactive antibodies.
a
n (%), mean ± SD, median (Q1–Q3).