Table 2.
Metabolic Parameters, Electrolytes, and Parameters of Kidney Function: Intention-to-Treat
|
Characteristic |
Baseline, N = 85 |
Month 3, N = 69 |
Month 6, N = 68 |
Month 12, N = 62 |
Month 24, N = 57 |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control, N = 31a |
Pump, N = 28a |
Basal insulin, N = 26a |
Control, N = 27a |
Pump, N = 23a |
Basal Insulin, N = 19a |
Control, N = 27a |
Pump, N = 22a |
Basal Insulin, N = 19a |
Control, N = 24a |
Pump, N = 22a |
Basal Insulin, N = 16a |
Control, N = 21a |
Pump, N = 21a |
Basal Insulin, N = 15a |
|
| Weight (kg) | 75.5 (68.8-85.1) | 76.8 (70.0-88.3) | 76.7 (70.5-85.7) | 71.0 (56.3-75.8) | 70.1 (66.8-80.8) | 72.0 (69.0-80.0) | 75.5 (56.8-83.0) | 73.5 (67.4-82.6) | 72.0 (63.5-79.5) | 72.5 (59.5-82.5) | 75.0 (68.0-86.5) | 74.0 (67.6-82.0) | 74.8 (59.6-81.5) | 74.8 (70.5-86.0) | 75.0 (69.0-79.0) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.1 (22.5-28.5) | 25.2 (22.6-29.7) | 25.6 (23.4-30.1) | 24.4 (19.7-25.4) | 23.8 (21.8-24.4) | 23.3 (20.8-25.2) | 25.3 (20.5-28.1) | 23.7 (22.2-25.1) | 23.5 (20.9-25.9) | 24.4 (21.9-28.1) | 23.8 (22.0-25.8) | 23.9 (21.8-27.2) | 24.5 (21.7-28.2) | 24.3 (22.1-26.3) | 24.9 (22.8-26.5) |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 7.9 (5.4-10.1) | 6.5 (5.2-8.7) | 6.9 (6.2-9.5) | 1.6 (1.2-1.9) | 1.7 (1.3-2.0) | 1.9 (1.3-2.4) | 1.4 (1.1-1.7) | 1.6 (1.2-1.8) | 1.8 (1.3-1.9) | 1.3 (1.0-1.6) | 1.3 (1.1-1.6) | 1.7 (1.5-1.9) | 1.3 (1.1-1.8) | 1.3 (1.1-1.8) | 1.5 (1.4-1.9) |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 6.5 (5.1-9.3) | 7.9 (6.2-11.2) | 7.0 (4.9-9.3) | 50.2 (37.2-60.1) | 42.9 (34.6-58.5) | 41.2 (29.4-60.2) | 55.2 (37.6-63.8) | 52.0 (36.4-70.0) | 44.4 (38.8-55.3) | 58.8 (40.3-66.4) | 55.8 (49.1-78.3) | 46.1 (38.0-50.1) | 59.0 (40.2-73.3) | 55.7 (43.5-74.4) | 44.3 (40.3-57.8) |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.2 (10.4-12.1) | 11.4 (10.0-12.2) | 11.2 (10.3-12.4) | 11.6 (9.6-12.9) | 12.4 (11.6-13.0) | 10.9 (9.5-11.8) | 12.5 (12.0-13.7) | 13.0 (12.6-14.4) | 12.3 (11.7-13.5) | 13.0 (10.6-14.0) | 14.2 (12.4-15.4) | 12.8 (11.5-14.9) | 13.2 (11.8-14.3) | 13.9 (13.3-14.6) | 14.3 (12.6-15.0) |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.9 (4.4-5.6) | 4.6 (4.4-5.1) | 4.9 (4.4-5.2) | 4.4 (4.0-4.9) | 4.6 (4.4-4.8) | 4.8 (4.6-5.0) | 4.4 (4.2-4.8) | 4.6 (4.3-5.0) | 4.3 (4.1-4.9) | 4.4 (4.3-4.8) | 4.5 (4.2-4.8) | 4.6 (4.5-4.7) | 4.7 (4.3-4.8) | 4.4 (4.1-4.6) | 4.5 (4.4-4.8) |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 137.0 (135.8-139.0) | 138.0 (137.0-139.0) | 138.0 (137.0-140.0) | 139.0 (138.0-140.5) | 142.0 (139.5-143.0) | 141.0 (139.0-142.0) | 140.0 (139.0-140.5) | 141.0 (138.0-141.5) | 141.0 (139.0-142.8) | 140.0 (138.5-142.0) | 141.0 (137.3-142.0) | 139.0 (137.0-143.0) | 141.0 (138.0-142.3) | 140.0 (138.0-142.5) | 141.0 (139.0-143.0) |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 5.4 (4.3-7.1) | 5.0 (3.8-6.1) | 5.4 (4.2-6.0) | 6.4 (5.6-7.2) | 7.0 (6.1-7.9) | 7.0 (6.0-8.0) | 6.7 (5.8-9.5) | 6.5 (5.6-7.2) | 7.1 (6.0-8.4) | 6.4 (5.5-8.6) | 6.7 (5.8-7.5) | 7.2 (6.7-8.1) | 6.5 (5.9-7.9) | 6.7 (5.6-8.1) | 7.9 (7.1-8.1) |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 122.5 (92.0-194.0) | 142.5 (99.3-217.5) | 146.5 (100.3-231.0) | 148.0 (126.5-185.5) | 212.0 (150.0-247.0) | 159.0 (118.0-185.0) | 117.0 (91.0-171.5) | 128.5 (101.8-176.8) | 144.5 (127.0-194.5) | 153.0 (102.0-216.0) | 166.5 (131.5-222.0) | 128.5 (116.0-204.5) | 157.5 (107.3-173.3) | 146.0 (120.0-168.0) | 131.5 (100.8-188.5) |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 44.0 (35.3-61.8) | 43.0 (34.0-51.0) | 47.0 (40.8-65.3) | 48.0 (44.5-59.0) | 41.0 (35.0-52.5) | 52.0 (44.0-60.0) | 63.0 (53.0-74.0) | 54.5 (41.0-61.8) | 53.5 (43.0-65.5) | 58.0 (47.0-67.0) | 56.0 (50.0-89.0) | 60.5 (52.3-67.3) | 55.5 (45.8-67.3) | 59.0 (47.0-74.0) | 62.0 (56.8-69.5) |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 98.3 (69.9-112.9) | 93.5 (78.3-123.8) | 87.7 (77.9-109.8) | 125.4 (57.9-146.7) | 126.4 (112.4-189.6) | 96.0 (90.0-141.2) | 121.0 (96.0-138.6) | 132.8 (118.5-154.0) | 110.7 (87.5-140.4) | 111.6 (98.2-149.5) | 120.0 (102.6-137.4) | 113.7 (98.6-148.9) | 116.5 (101.5-126.7) | 116.5 (99.0-138.9) | 117.7 (103.5-142.7) |
| C–reactive protein (mg/dL) | 0.6 (0.2-1.5) | 0.4 (0.2-1.6) | 0.4 (0.2-0.8) | 0.3 (0.1-1.7) | 0.2 (0.1-0.4) | 0.3 (0.1-0.8) | 0.2 (0.1-0.6) | 0.2 (0.1-0.3) | 0.2 (0.1-0.6) | 0.2 (0.1-0.9) | 0.2 (0.1-0.4) | 0.2 (0.1-0.3) | 0.3 (0.1-0.3) | 0.3 (0.2-0.7) | 0.2 (0.1-0.6) |
| PCR (mg/g) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 153.0 (106.0-289.0) | 112.0 (84.8-208.0) | 141.0 (96.0-286.0) | 182.5 (93.3-703.8) | 169.0 (99.5-263.0) | 250.0 (99.3-418.3) | 191.0 (69.0-608.5) | 166.0 (98.0-323.0) | 95.0 (74.0-405.5) |
| Urine albumin (mg/L) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 28.6 (8.7-87.0) | 11.5 (6.7-35.2) | 21.3 (10.6-61.7) | 43.6 (6.0-464.9) | 30.0 (10.9-55.6) | 26.3 (7.8-78.8) | 25.3 (7.2-236.2) | 35.2 (11.1-110.9) | 13.7 (7.7-21.2) |
Abbreviations: eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate using the 2021 CKD-EPI formula; BMI, body mass index; CSII, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; PCR, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio; NA, not applicable because data were not measured per the study’s protocol.
a
Median (Q1–Q3).