Table 1.
Characteristics of participants at the onset of a physical condition by socioeconomic status (n = 20,250).
| Total (N = 20,250) | Socioeconomic status |
p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low (N = 1832) | Lower-middle (N = 8152) | Upper-middle (N = 7788) | High (N = 2478) | |||
| Age groups (years) | <0.001 | |||||
| 45–54 | 1866 (9.2%) | 117 (6.3%) | 831 (44.5%) | 731 (39.2%) | 187 (10.0%) | |
| 55–64 | 7817 (38.6%) | 544 (7.0%) | 3134 (40.1%) | 3084 (39.5%) | 1055 (13.5%) | |
| 65–74 | 7634 (37.7%) | 681 (8.9%) | 2905 (38.1%) | 3049 (39.9%) | 999 (13.1%) | |
| 75∼ | 2933 (14.5%) | 490 (16.7%) | 1282 (43.7%) | 924 (31.5%) | 237 (8.1%) | |
| Sex | <0.001 | |||||
| Male | 9632 (47.6%) | 737 (7.7%) | 3662 (38.0%) | 3883 (40.3%) | 1350 (14.0%) | |
| Female | 10,618 (52.4%) | 1095 (10.3%) | 4490 (42.3%) | 3905 (36.8%) | 1128 (10.6%) | |
| Study | <0.001 | |||||
| HRS | 7687 (38.0%) | 461 (6.0%) | 2686 (34.9%) | 3166 (41.2%) | 1374 (17.9%) | |
| ELSA | 1029 (5.1%) | 104 (10.1%) | 415 (40.3%) | 407 (39.6%) | 103 (10.0%) | |
| SHARE | 10,501 (51.9%) | 1129 (10.8%) | 4557 (43.4%) | 3856 (36.7%) | 959 (9.1%) | |
| CHARLS | 527 (2.6%) | 68 (12.9%) | 257 (48.8%) | 191 (36.2%) | 11 (2.1%) | |
| KLoSA | 506 (2.5%) | 70 (13.8%) | 237 (46.8%) | 168 (33.2%) | 31 (6.1%) | |
| Hypertension | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 8844 (43.7%) | 705 (8.0%) | 3241 (36.6%) | 3584 (40.5%) | 1314 (14.9%) | |
| Yes | 11,401 (56.3%) | 1125 (9.9%) | 4909 (43.1%) | 4203 (36.9%) | 1164 (10.2%) | |
| Diabetes | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 17,997 (88.9%) | 1552 (8.6%) | 7091 (39.4%) | 7057 (39.2%) | 2297 (12.8%) | |
| Yes | 2247 (11.1%) | 280 (12.5%) | 1058 (47.1%) | 728 (32.4%) | 181 (8.1%) | |
| Cancer | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 18,147 (89.6%) | 1698 (9.4%) | 7455 (41.1%) | 6897 (38.0%) | 2097 (11.6%) | |
| Yes | 2101 (10.4%) | 134 (6.4%) | 696 (33.1%) | 890 (42.4%) | 381 (18.1%) | |
| Chronic lung diseases | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 18,857 (93.1%) | 1682 (8.9%) | 7485 (39.7%) | 7315 (38.8%) | 2375 (12.6%) | |
| Yes | 1392 (6.9%) | 150 (10.8%) | 666 (47.8%) | 473 (34.0%) | 103 (7.4%) | |
| Heart diseases | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 16,725 (82.6%) | 1432 (8.6%) | 6676 (39.9%) | 6526 (39.0%) | 2091 (12.5%) | |
| Yes | 3524 (17.4%) | 400 (11.4%) | 1475 (41.9%) | 1262 (35.8%) | 387 (11.0%) | |
| Stroke | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 19,369 (95.6%) | 1718 (8.9%) | 7760 (40.1%) | 7496 (38.7%) | 2395 (12.4%) | |
| Yes | 881 (4.4%) | 114 (12.9%) | 392 (44.5%) | 292 (33.1%) | 83 (9.4%) | |
| Arthritis | 0.131 | |||||
| No | 11,641 (57.5%) | 1044 (9.0%) | 4743 (40.7%) | 4477 (38.5%) | 1377 (11.8%) | |
| Yes | 8606 (42.5%) | 788 (9.2%) | 3406 (39.6%) | 3311 (38.5%) | 1101 (12.8%) | |
HRS, the US Health and Retirement Study; ELSA, the English Longitudinal Study on Ageing; SHARE, the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe; CHARLS, the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study; KLoSA, the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging.
Data are n (%), unless otherwise indicated.
Socioeconomic status is a summed score (ranging 0–5) of educational level (0, 1, or 2) and total household wealth quartile (0, 1, 2, or 3), categorized into four groups: low (0), lower-middle (1–2), upper-middle (3–4) and high socioeconomic status (5).
χ2 test was used to compare differences across groups.