Table 3.
Subdistribution hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between socioeconomic status and progression to psychological and cognitive multimorbidities in participants with a new-onset physical condition (n = 20,250).
sHR (95% CI) |
|||
---|---|---|---|
Physical-psychological multimorbidity | Physical-cognitive multimorbidity | Physical-psychological-cognitive multimorbidity | |
Educational level | |||
Primary | 1.32 (1.21–1.44) | 2.37 (2.11–2.65) | 3.17 (2.71–3.71) |
Secondary | 1.16 (1.07–1.26) | 1.60 (1.45–1.77) | 1.70 (1.47–1.97) |
Tertiary | 1.00 (REF) | 1.00 (REF) | 1.00 (REF) |
Per decreasing category | 1.15 (1.10–1.20) | 1.53 (1.45–1.62) | 1.79 (1.66–1.94) |
Total household wealth | |||
Quartile 1 (Lowest) | 1.41 (1.29–1.55) | 1.47 (1.32–1.65) | 2.11 (1.80–2.48) |
Quartile 2 | 1.28 (1.17–1.40) | 1.20 (1.07–1.34) | 1.51 (1.28–1.78) |
Quartile 3 | 1.11 (1.01–1.22) | 1.17 (1.04–1.31) | 1.33 (1.12–1.57) |
Quartile 4 (Highest) | 1.00 (REF) | 1.00 (REF) | 1.00 (REF) |
Per decreasing category | 1.13 (1.09–1.16) | 1.13 (1.09–1.17) | 1.27 (1.21–1.33) |
SES | |||
Low | 2.04 (1.77–2.36) | 3.24 (2.72–3.85) | 6.58 (5.01–8.64) |
Lower-middle | 1.70 (1.50–1.91) | 2.22 (1.92–2.57) | 3.79 (2.95–4.86) |
Upper-middle | 1.43 (1.27–1.62) | 1.53 (1.32–1.76) | 2.05 (1.59–2.64) |
High | 1.00 (REF) | 1.00 (REF) | 1.00 (REF) |
Per decreasing category | 1.24 (1.19–1.29) | 1.47 (1.40–1.54) | 1.84 (1.72–1.97) |
SES, socioeconomic status; sHR, subdistribution hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.
Socioeconomic status is a summed score (ranging 0–5) of educational level (0, 1, or 2) and total household wealth quartile (0, 1, 2, or 3), categorized into four groups: low (0), lower-middle (1–2), upper-middle (3–4) and high socioeconomic status (5).
Models were adjusted for age, sex, and study.