Table 2.
Established cardiovascular risk factors at first screening and subsequent risk of coronary events (incident angina and ischaemia at five years, admissions for coronary heart disease, admissions for acute myocardial infarction, admissions for angina over 21 years, mortality from coronary heart disease at 21 years, all adjusted for age)
|
Odds ratio (95% CI)
|
Hazard ratio (95% CI)
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incident angina | Incident ischaemia | Admissions for coronary heart disease | Admissions for acute myocardial infarction | Admissions for angina | Mortality from coronary heart disease | ||
| Smoking (current smokers v others)* | 1.50 (1.06 to 2.12) | 0.99 (0.71 to 1.37) | 1.50 (1.26 to 1.78) | 1.58 (1.32 to 1.89) | 1.18 (0.84 to 1.67) | 1.75 (1.48 to 2.07) | |
| Plasma cholesterol concentration (mmol/l)† | 1.06 (0.90 to 1.25) | 1.35 (1.16 to 1.50) | 1.26 (1.16 to 1.37) | 1.31 (1.20 to 1.42) | 1.25 (1.05 to 1.49) | 1.30 (1.20 to 1.39) | |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)‡ | 1.13 (0.96 to 1.32) | 1.24 (1.07 to 1.45) | 1.12 (1.03 to 1.20) | 1.18 (1.09 to 1.28) | 1.16 (1.00 to 1.34) | 1.36 (1.28 to 1.46) | |
| Angina§ | 2.31 (1.69 to 3.17) | 1.83 (1.35 to 2.49) | 2.89 (1.61 to 5.22) | 2.20 (1.72 to 2.80) | |||
| Ischaemia§ | 1.41 (1.00 to 1.98) | 1.31 (0.93 to 1.84) | 0.68 (0.31 to 1.51) | 3.02 (2.41 to 3.78) | |||
All mortality analyses are on 5606 men with complete data on all measures, analyses for incident angina are on 2487 men with no angina at first screening and who were screened twice, analyses for incident ischaemia are on 2501 men with not ischaemia at first screening and who were screened twice.
There were 3140 current smokers at first screening, 1310 current smokers did not have angina at first screening and were screened twice, 1350 current smokers did not have ischaemia at first screening and were screened twice.
Odds ratios and hazard ratios are those associated with 1 mmol/l increase in plasma cholesterol concentration.
Odds ratios and hazard ratios are those associated with 10 mm Hg increase in diastolic blood pressure.
345 men had angina at first screening. Angina was considered present if pain or discomfort over sternum or left chest and arm while hurrying or walking uphill caused participant to slow down or stop, pain subsiding in 10 minutes or less. 323 men had ischaemia at first screening. ECGs were coded according to the Minnesota system. Ischaemia was encompassed by codes 1.1-1.3, 4.1-4.4, 5.1-5.3, and 7.1. 61 men had both angina and ischaemia.