Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population based on their race, ethnicity and sex.
| Variable n (%) | White Race |
Black Race |
Hispanic Ethnicity |
Group p-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male (n = 55,085 [54.4 %]) | Female (n = 46,225 [45.6 %]) | p-value | Male (n = 18,125 [49.0 %]) | Female (n = 18,850 [51.0 %]) | p-value | Male (n = 11,660 [57.6 %]) | Female (n = 8585 [42.4 %]) | p-value | ||
| Age (Median, [IQR]) | 77 [68–83] | 78 [71–86] | <0.01 | 66 [56–74] | 70 [60–79] | <0.01 | 67 [57–77] | 72 [62–82] | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||||||
| Hypertension | 88.1 % | 89.1 % | <0.01 | 93.0 % | 93.3 % | 0.22 | 87.7 % | 91.1 % | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 30.2 % | 27.1 % | <0.01 | 33.8 % | 36.0 % | <0.01 | 39.4 % | 42.5 % | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Dyslipidemia | 58.3 % | 54.4 % | <0.01 | 50.6 % | 51.0 % | 0.49 | 53.1 % | 55.2 % | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Hypothyroidism | 14.2 % | 29.4 % | <0.01 | 4.9 % | 11.4 % | <0.01 | 9.8 % | 21.5 % | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Obesity | 24.9 % | 28.7 % | <0.01 | 27.6 % | 39.0 % | <0.01 | 24.3 % | 30.8 % | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Smoking | 32.7 % | 23.9 % | <0.01 | 24.2 % | 19.7 % | <0.01 | 24.3 % | 14.5 % | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| COPD | 35.4 % | 38.4 % | <0.01 | 27.5 % | 29.7 % | <0.01 | 16.6 % | 20.4 % | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| CKD | 40.9 % | 37.8 % | <0.01 | 39.5 % | 37.9 % | <0.01 | 30.6 % | 30.7 % | 0.91 | <0.01 |
| ESRD | 6.6 % | 5.5 % | <0.01 | 19.7 % | 17.8 % | <0.01 | 20.6 % | 18.6 % | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| PVD | 2.2 % | 2.0 % | <0.01 | 1.4 % | 1.9 % | <0.01 | 2.8 % | 2.7 % | 0.83 | <0.01 |
| Prior MI | 14.5 % | 10.1 % | <0.01 | 10.3 % | 9.3 % | <0.01 | 12.6 % | 8.6 % | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Prior PCI | 14.7 % | 9.0 % | <0.01 | 8.7 % | 7.1 % | <0.01 | 11.6 % | 7.0 % | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| History of CAD | 55.4 % | 38.9 % | <0.01 | 38.5 % | 32.8 % | <0.01 | 45.0 % | 35.8 % | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| History CABG | 16.4 % | 6.7 % | <0.01 | 6.1 % | 4.6 % | <0.01 | 11.5 % | 6.8 % | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Prior stroke/TIA | 5.5 % | 5.8 % | 0.06 | 7.9 % | 8.4 % | 0.06 | 5.4 % | 5.1 % | 0.38 | <0.01 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 34.2 % | 32.8 % | <0.01 | 22.9 % | 20.5 % | <0.01 | 22.3 % | 21.5 % | 0.23 | <0.01 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | ||||||||||
| 1 | 11.6 % | 16.6 % | <0.01 | 16.9 % | 17.3 % | 0.11 | 20.3 % | 20.8 % | 0.10 | <0.01 |
| 2 | 31.8 % | 35.4 % | 35.9 % | 36.5 % | 36.1 % | 37.1 % | ||||
| ≥3 | 56.7 % | 47.9 % | 47.2 % | 46.2 % | 43.6 % | 42.1 % | ||||
| Nursing home/facility | 29.4 % | 37.4 % | 26.5 % | 27.1 % | 18.5 % | 21.4 % | ||||
| Home Health Care | 17.3 % | 18.7 % | 13.5 % | 21.2 % | 15.1 % | 18.3 % | ||||
CABG: coronary artery bypass graft; CAD: Coronary Artery Disease; CKD: chronic kidney disease; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVA: cerebrovascular accident; DM: Diabetes Mellitus; ESRD: end-stage renal disease; PVD: peripheral vascular disease.
*As per HCUP regulations, observations with cell count <11 are reported as “<11”