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. 2024 Aug 16;8(4):zrae090. doi: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrae090

Table 2.

Predicted total costs by smoking status

Smoking status
Never smoker Former smoker Current smoker
Model 1* Costs (€) (95% c.i.) 4691 (4657,4726) 5823 (5757,5890) 5154 (5096,5210)
Total events† (95% c.i.) 4.33 (4.31,4.36) 5.30 (5.25,5.35) 4.74 (4.71,4.78)
Model 2‡ Costs (€) (95% c.i.) 3185 (3160,3211) 3107 (3068,3149) 3287 (3247,3325)
Difference (€) (95% c.i.; P) −78 (−116,−38; <0.001) 102 (63,139; <0.001)
Total events† (95% c.i.) 3.00 (2.98,3.02) 2.93 (2.89,2.96) 3.07 (3.04,3.09)

*Unadjusted. †Number of in-hospital days and emergency department visits. ‡Covariate values: sex, female; age in decades, 5.83; ASA grade, I/II; and Charlson co-morbidity index, 0.