Table 2.

Existing literature highlighting applications of immersive technologies for healthcare aspects.

Ref	Immersive technology	Healthcare Domain Covered
		Medical education	Training	Mental health	Social distancing	Physical fitness	Cognitive rehabilitation	Virtual surgery	Drug manufacturing	Health feedback	Diagnosis/Treatment	Telehealth	Stress management
[44]	VR	×	×	✓	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	✓
[45]	XR	✓	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[46]	XR	×	×	✓	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	✓
[47]	XR	✓	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[48]	VR	×	×	✓	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	✓	×
[49]	VR/AR/Game	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[50]	VR	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	✓
[51]	VR	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	✓	×	×
[23]	MR	✓	×	×	×	×	×	✓	×	×	×	✓	×
[52]	VR	×	×	×	✓	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[53]	VR/AR	×	✓	×	×	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×
[54]	VR	×	×	✓	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	✓
[55]	Metaverse/VR	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[56]	VR	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	✓	×
[57]	VR	×	×	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[58]	Gamification	×	×	✓		✓	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×
[59]	VR	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	✓	×
[60]	VR	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	✓	×	×
[61]	VR/Games	×	×	×	×	×	✓	✓	×	×	×	✓	×
[62]	VR	×	×	×	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	✓	×
[63]	VR	×	×	×	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	✓	×
[64]	VR	✓	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[65]	VR	×	×	✓	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	✓
[66]	VR	✓	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[67]	VR	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[68]	VR	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[69]	VR/AR	✓	✓	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[70]	VR	×	✓	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[71]	VR	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[36]	VR	×	✓	✓	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	✓
[72]	VR	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[73]	VR/Games	×	×	✓	×	×	✓	×	×	×	✓	×	×
[74]	VR	✓	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[75]	MR	✓	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[76]	VR	✓	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[77]	VR	✓	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[78]	VR	✓	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[79]	VR	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[80]	AR	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[81]	MR	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[82]	AR	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[83]	VR	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[84]	VR	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[85]	VR	×	×	✓	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	✓
[86]	VR	×	×	✓	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	✓
[87]	VR	×	×	✓	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×
[88]	VR	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	✓
[89]	VR	×	×	✓	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×
[90]	VR	×	×	✓	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×
[16]	AR/Game	×	×	✓		✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[91]	VR	×	×	✓	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	✓
[92]	MR	×	×	✓	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	✓
[93]	VR	×	×	✓	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×
[94]	VR	×	×	✓	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×
[95]	MR	✓	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[96]	VR	✓	×	✓	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	✓
[97]	VR	×	×	×	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	✓
[98]	VR	×	×	✓	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×
[99]	VR	×	×	×	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×
[100]	VR	×	×	✓	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×
[101]	AR	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	✓	×
[102]	AR	×	×	×	✓	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×
[103]	MR	×	×	×	×	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×
[104]	MR	✓	×	×	×	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×
[105]	AR	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	✓	✓	×	×
[106]	MR	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[107]	VR/AR	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[108]	XR	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	✓	×	×
[109]	AR	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	✓	×	×
[110]	VR/AR	✓	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[111]	VR	×	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[112]	VR/AR	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	✓	✓	×	×
[113]	VR	×	×	✓	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[114]	AR	✓	×	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[115]	VR Games	×	×	×	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×
[116]	XR	×	×	✓	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×
[117]	Metaverse	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[118]	Metaverse	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[119]	Metaverse	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[120]	MR	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[121]	Metaverse	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	✓	✓	✓	×
[122]	Metaverse	✓	✓	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[123]	Metaverse	✓	✓	✓	×	×	×	✓	×	✓	✓	✓	×
[124]	Metaverse	×	×	×	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	✓
[125]	Metaverse	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×
[126]	Metaverse	×	×	×	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	✓
[127]	Metaverse	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[128]	Metaverse	×	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[129]	Metaverse	×	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[130]	Metaverse	×	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	✓	×	×	×
[131]	Metaverse	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[132]	Metaverse	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
[133]	Gamification	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×