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. 2024 Aug 15;24:348. doi: 10.1186/s12886-024-03625-0

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — The changes in RNFL thicknesses of each quadrant and the 360˚ averages for the healthy controls and G11778A LHON patients of different disease duration groups during follow-up period. Line diagram (A) and bar diagram (B) showed that the temporal RNFL thickness of LHON patients in the subacute phase group (disease duration < 6 months) was already significantly thinner than that of normal controls at the time of enrollment (P < 0.01), while RNFL thickness in the remaining quadrants and the average RNFL thickness were thicker than that of normal controls with no significant difference. By the 1st follow-up, subacute phase group showed reductions in RNFL thickness of each quadrant and the average thickness compared to baseline values, with significant decrease in RNFL thickness in temporal quadrant (P < 0.01), superior quadrant (P = 0.03), inferior quadrant (P < 0.01), and the average (P < 0.01). By the 2nd follow-up, patients in the subacute phase group showed further reductions in RNFL thickness of each quadrant and the average thickness compared to the measurements at the 1st follow-up visit; the decrease in RNFL thickness in the inferior quadrant (P = 0.02), nasal quadrant (P = 0.02) and the average (p = 0.01) reached significant differences. Line diagram (C) and bar diagram (D) showed that dynamic phase group (disease duration = 6–12 months) had significant decrease in RNFL thickness of each quadrant and the average thickness compared with normal controls, except the RNFL thickness in nasal quadrant (P = 1.00). RNFL thickness of each quadrant and the average thickness were ultimately significantly thinner than that of normal controls during follow-up (P < 0.01). Line diagram (E) and bar diagram (F) showed that all quadrants and the mean RNFL in the chronic phase group (disease duration > 12 months) were already significantly thinner than those in the normal control group at the time of enrollment (P < 0.01). And as the disease progressed, there was still a trend for further thinning of the RNFL. *P < 0.05 when compared with normal control. #P < 0.05 when compared with previous measurements