Fig. 7.

FoxO1 inhibitor weakened the enhanced autophagy induced by ADSCs and SDSCs. A p-FoxO1 and FoxO1 by Western blot and (B) the quantitative analysis of the bands. C cell immunofluorescence for Col2, MMP13, LC3II, and DAPI. D Western blot for Col2, MMP13, LC3II/I, P62, and FoxO1 were quantitatively analyzed by gray value (E) (n = 3). F The autophagosome in chondrocytes by MDC staining and puncta were quantified (G) (n = 25). H Schematic illustration of mechanism of combined ADSCs and SDSCs attenuated severe OA progression, including attenuated cartilage degeneration and enhanced autophagy by activating the FoxO1 signaling pathway, relieved bone remodeling and nerve invasion in subchondral bone, decreased osteophyte formation, and suppressed synovial inflammation. (All data are shown as the mean ± SD. ^#denotes compared with control, ^##P < 0.01; * denotes compared with 5A5S, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001)