Table 1.
Demographic parameters of the pilot study sample (N = 150)
| Variables | N | % |
|---|---|---|
| Age of children | ||
| 5 | 81 | (54) |
| 6 | 69 | (46) |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 71 | (47.3) |
| Female | 79 | (52.7) |
| Relationship to children | ||
| Mother | 114 | (76) |
| Father | 32 | (21.3) |
| Care giver | 4 | (2.7) |
| Relationship status | ||
| Married | 144 | (96) |
| Divorced | 5 | (3.3) |
| Single | 0 | (0) |
| Widow | 1 | (0.7) |
| Family structure | ||
| Nuclear family | 124 | (82.6) |
| Single parent | 6 | (4) |
| Adopted family | 2 | (1.3) |
| Extended family | 18 | (12.0) |
| Educational level | ||
| No formal education | 3 | (2) |
| Primary school | 2 | (1.3) |
| Secondary school | 50 | (33.3) |
| Diploma | 42 | (28) |
| Degree | 40 | (26.7) |
| Postgraduate | 13 | (8.7) |
| Total Household Income 1 | ||
| < RM4850 (B40) | 72 | (48) |
| RM4850-10,959 (M40) | 63 | (42) |
| > RM10,959 (T20) | 15 | (10) |
| Employment status | ||
| Employed | 129 | (86) |
| Not employed | 4 | (2.7) |
| Housewife | 17 | (11.3) |
1 Malaysia’s household income classification: B40 for bottom 40%; M40 for middle 40%; T20 for top 20%