1. Outcomes reported.
| Outcome | Calvo | Cook | Guill | Watson | Van Bever |
| Treatment failure | Yes: three criteria (TAL score < 2; PEF < 15% baseline measurement; intolerance to treatment) | Yes: one criterion (IV therapy) | Yes: three criteria for treatment failure (return visit to ED within 12 to 24 hours; IV treatment; admission to hospital) | Yes: one criterion (admission to hospital) | No |
| Admission | Yes (No patients required admission) | No | Yes | Yes | No |
| PEF | Yes (response to treatment determined by change in PEF) | No | Yes | No | No |
| FEV1 | No | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| FEF25‐75 | No | No | No | Yes | No |
| Residual bronchodilation (FEV1 and FEF25‐75) | No | No | No | Yes | No |
| Clinical scores | Yes (TAL score) | Yes (in‐house 4‐point scale. Wheeze, air entry on auscultation, respiratory distress measured) | Yes (Pulmonary Index ‐ respiratory rate, wheezing score, I/E ratio, accessory muscle use) | Yes (Pulmonary Index ‐ respiratory rate, wheezing score, I/E ratio, accessory muscle use) | No |
| Need for additional medication | Yes (need for bronchodilator/steroid and repeat nebulisation) | Yes (repeat nebulisation and need for IV therapy) | Yes (repeat nebulisation and need for IV therapy) | No | No |
| Withdrawals | No patients withdrew | 3 patients had treatment failure and dropped out | 10 episodes of wheezing had treatment failure | No patients withdrew; 2 children required hospital admission at the end of the study because of treatment failure | Not reported |
| Pulse oximetry | No | No | No | Yes | No |
| Side effects | Yes (no patient suffered SEs) | Yes (no patient suffered SEs) | Yes (no patient suffered SEs) | Yes (no patient suffered SEs) | Yes (no patient suffered SEs) |
ED: emergency department; FEF25‐75: forced expiratory flow at the 25 to the 75% point of forced vital capacity; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in the first second; I/E ratio: inspiration/expiration ratio; IV: intravenous; PEF: peak expiratory flow; SE: side effects; TAL: a clinical scoring system based on several markers such as respiratory rate, wheezing and cyanosis (the scale runs from 0 to 12, where 12 indicates a very severe illness).