Calvo 1998.

Methods	Randomised, double‐blind parallel group trial. Method of randomisation not reported Outpatient Setting
Participants	N = 120 (Group 1: 40; Group 2: 40; Group 3: 40). 73 M/47 F. Mean age 7.3 years (age range: 5 to 14 years). No withdrawals occurred and all participants were accounted for Inclusion criteria: age between 5 and 14 years; acute asthma attack; aerochamber well used; able to use peak flow meter; PEF < 80% predicted; TAL score > 0 on 5‐point scale. Exclusion criteria: cardiac failure; lung disease; need for hospitalisation; first acute episode of acute bronchial obstruction; hypersensitivity to trial medications; treatment < 8 hours prior to study entry
Interventions	All treatments were administered by aerochamber Group 1: salbutamol 100 mcg per inhalation Group 2: ipratropium bromide 20 mcg per inhalation Group 3: salbutamol 100 mcg per inhalation and ipratropium bromide 20 mcg per inhalation 2 inhalations 4 times in first hour, 2 inhalations 3 times in second hour
Outcomes	PEF; TAL score; need for additional treatment (salbutamol and oral steroids)
Notes	Trial protocol allowed for addition of salbutamol (100 mcg per inhalation, 2 inhalations after each control) to trial medicines if participants showed no response (clinical or PEF) at 30 minutes or corticosteroid therapy at 60 minutes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not reported
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not reported
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Double‐blind