Table 2. Details of patients with a histopathological diagnosis of metaplasia, high-grade dysplasia, low-grade dysplasia, and ICPN.

USS: ultrasound scan; CT: computed tomography; MRCP: magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography; IOC: intraoperative cholangiogram; CBD: common bile duct; IPMNs: intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms; ICPN: intracholecystic papillary neoplasm

Patient	Age	Gender	Indication for surgery	Preoperative/imaging findings	Intraoperative finding	Histopathology
1.	68	M	Biliary colic	USS: Multiple gallstones present, uncomplicated, along with mild hepatic steatosis. CT: Normal.	A thin-walled gallbladder with an adequate-length cystic duct that is quite dilated. The intrahepatic anatomy is complete, with no filling defects observed. The cystic duct exhibits a good taper, and there is good flow through to the second part of the duodenum.	Metaplasia
2.	55	M	Gallstone pancreatitis	CT: Suggestive of a pancreatic lesion.  MRCP: No pancreatic lesion detected.	Omental adhesions to the anterior abdominal wall/mesh, thickened gallbladder wall, intrahepatic body, wide cystic duct, clear bile expressed from the cystic duct/common bile duct, fatty liver, and the anterior branch of the cystic artery crossing the cystic duct/Hartmann’s pouch.	Low-grade dysplasia
3.	57	F	Biliary colic	USS: Cholelithiasis observed with no features indicative of acute cholecystitis. No evidence of bile duct dilatation or obvious choledocholithiasis.	Mildly inflamed gallbladder and omental adhesions consistent with chronic, recurrent cholecystitis are noted. Additionally, a small umbilical hernia repaired with sutures is observed. IOC reveals normal results, with no filling defects observed. There is distal tapering and appropriate flow into the second part of the duodenum. The intrahepatic ducts appear normal.	Low-grade dysplasia
4.	39	F	Biliary colic	USS: Cholelithiasis noted, comprising one large stone measuring 2 cm in size.	The gallbladder appears normal, with a single stone located in the gallbladder neck. IOC shows fast flow into the second part of the duodenum, with no filling defects observed. The intrahepatic duct anatomy appears normal.	Low-grade dysplasia
5.	70	M	Biliary colic	USS: Multiple stones observed; CBD appears normal.	A fatty infiltrative liver and omental and duodenal adhesions to the gallbladder wall, consistent with recurrent biliary colic. IOC revealed normal anatomy, tapering of the CBD, and no filling defects. There was appropriate flow to the second part of the duodenum, with visualization of the anterior and posterior branches of the hepatic branch. Additionally, iatrogenic perforation of the gallbladder occurred with stone spillage, necessitating retrieval of stones with suction and a grasper.	Low-grade dysplasia
6.	55	F	Biliary colic	USS: Cholelithiasis detected, featuring a mobile 16 mm calculus. No signs of cholecystitis are evident. Additionally, mild hepatic steatosis is observed.	A distended thin-walled gallbladder with no adhesions, along with a thin cystic duct. Notably, there is a very large posterior cystic artery and a small anterior cystic artery. IOC revealed normal results, with no filling defect observed in the CBD. Additionally, there was normal tapering of the distal CBD, and the right and left hepatic branches appeared normal. Contrast flow into the second part of the duodenum was observed.	Low-grade dysplasia
7.	72	F	Biliary colic	USS: Cholelithiasis noted, with multiple stones measuring up to 14 mm. CBD size appears normal.	A thin-walled gallbladder was observed. During diathermy of the gallbladder off the cystic plate, two small gallstones were inadvertently dropped intraabdominally but were subsequently retrieved. IOC revealed contrast flow through to the second part of the duodenum with no filling defects. Additionally, a dilated CBD was noted with stricturing, which appears appropriate for the patient's age. Normal intrahepatic ductal anatomy was also demonstrated.	Low-grade dysplasia
8.	84	F	Acute cholecystitis	USS: Calculus cholecystitis diagnosed. CBD appeared slightly prominent; no obvious obstructive lesion identified. MRCP: Presence of a gallbladder calculus with associated gallbladder wall and subserosal edema noted. Suspicion of a tiny common bile duct calculus. Prominent biliary tree observed. Additionally, several IPMNs identified in the pancreas, along with a diverticulum in the descending duodenum.	The gallbladder appeared mildly edematous with adhering omentum. IOC revealed a dilated CBD with a distal filling defect and a small amount of contrast passing to the duodenum, along with good opacification of intrahepatic ducts. Upon completion of the IOC, no obvious distal filling defect was observed, although confidence in the clearance of CBD stones was not absolute.	High-grade dysplasia
9.	42	M	Gall bladder polyp	USS: 11 mm solitary non-mobile echogenic structure detected along the anti-dependent gallbladder wall with a broad base but no focal underlying gallbladder wall thickening, likely indicating a gallbladder polyp. CT: Normal.	The gallbladder appeared thin-walled, with no evidence of polyps or other abnormalities on the serosal surface. The liver was normal, and there was no evidence of any peritoneal deposits. IOC showed an adequate length cystic duct, complete intrahepatic anatomy, and no filling defects. Additionally, there was good taper and flow through to the second part of the duodenum.	ICPN