Table 1.
Selected characteristics of cases and controls included in the analysis
| Characteristic* | Cases (N = 4865) | Controls (N = 10,626) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex† | – | ||
| Male | 3020 (62) | 5752 (54) | |
| Female | 1845 (38) | 4874 (46) | |
| Age† | |||
| < 55 | 1173 (24) | 3113 (29) | – |
| 56–65 | 1306 (27) | 2922 (28) | |
| 66–75 | 1783 (37) | 3285 (31) | |
| > 76 | 603 (12) | 1392 (12) | |
| Fiber intake (g/day) | < 0.001 | ||
| 1.0–14.1 | 1398 (30) | 2229 (22) | |
| 14.2–20.7 | 883 (19) | 2550 (25) | |
| 20.8–28.9 | 879 (19) | 2647 (26) | |
| 29.0 + | 1514 (32) | 2668 (26) | |
| Total energy (kcal/day) | < 0.001 | ||
| 500–1597 | 1077 (23) | 2558 (25) | |
| 1598–2045 | 857 (18) | 2503 (25) | |
| 2046–2565 | 1107 (24) | 2509 (25) | |
| 2566 + | 1599 (34) | 2465 (25) | |
| Fruit and vegetable intake | < 0.001 | ||
| Lower tertile | 1663 (36) | 2943 (30) | |
| Middle tertile | 1514 (32) | 3319 (34) | |
| Upper tertile | 1498 (32) | 3613 (37) | |
| Tobacco smoking | < 0.001 | ||
| Never smoker | 2265 (48) | 5092 (49) | < |
| Former smoker | 1191 (25) | 2782 (27) | |
| Current smoker | 1311 (27) | 2564 (25) | |
| Socioeconomic status | < 0.001 | ||
| Low | 2858 (60) | 4928 (47) | |
| Medium | 1489 (31) | 3532 (34) | |
| High | 436 (9) | 2031 (19) |
*Sums might not add to the total because of missing values
†p values for sex and age are not reported as cases and controls were matched for these variables