Table 1.
A summary of in vitro studies evaluating PDT in oral cancer cells
| Cell Types | PDT Type | Photosensitizers | Outcome | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SGT cells | Illumination 4 h after PS administration | ALA, ALA-hx | 613–645 nm red LED (5 J/cm2) | [127] |
| Cal-27 hOSCC cell line | Photodestruction assessed using MTT assay | Gold nanorods, rose bengal | 532 nm green LED (170 mw/cm2) for 90 s | [128] |
| FaDu, FaDuPTX hPSCC cell line | Preincubation with Pa followed by assessment | Pa | 613–645 nm LED (1.2 J/cm2); Inhibited tumor growth via HOXC6/MDR-1 pathway suppression | [129] |
| S462, A375, A549, C26, CL1-0, CL1-5, NSC, NIH3T3 | ALA treatment followed by light irradiation | ALA | 635 nm diode laser (30 mw/cm2); Selective growth suppression in tumor cells | [130] |
| SCC-25, 562 HNSCC cell lines | Exposure to MB before illumination | MB | 660 nm diode laser for 8 min; Significant growth inhibition in both cell lines | [131] |
| SCC25 | Evaluation of ALA concentrations and PpIX production | ALA | 635 nm laser (87 mw/cm2, 10.4 J/cm2); Induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis via ROS generation | [132] |
| Human OSCC cell lines | Measurement of intracellular ROS levels | PaH | 405 nm semiconductor laser; Significant phototoxic effect by inhibiting cell proliferation | [133] |
| CAL-27, HOEC | Synthesis of PEGlated prodrug of doxorubicin for NP-encapsulated HP | HP | 633-nm laser for 10 min (100 mw/cm2); Strong PDT efficiency with suitable cellular uptake | [134] |
| DOK, CAL-27 | Incubation with ALA followed by various measurements | ALA | 635 nm laser (87 mw/cm2, 10.4 J/cm2); Selective inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis | [135] |
| SCC25 | Evaluation of ALA’s individual and synergistic effects | ALA | 635 nm laser (87 mw/cm2, 10.4 J/cm2); Remarkable synergistic apoptosis induction effect | [136] |
| CAL27, FaDu | Study of cell death using Calcein-AM/PI Double Staining Kit | ICG, EVO | 808 nm laser (100 mW/cm2) for 5 min; Efficient tumor suppression and apoptosis induction | [137] |
| SCC 25, SCC 9, HOK | bioavailability of PEGylated GQDs was evaluated in hOSCC and normal cells | GQDs | Laser for 10 min. GQD-PEG dominantly contributed to PDT efficacy in triggering antitumor immune responses | [138] |