Table 1.

Publication characteristics

Study	Year	Country	Study Design	Population	Sample Size	Average Age	Summary of findings
Aguirre et al.	2022	USA	Program conceptualization and evaluation	Persons with dementia and care partners	1492 (747 patients, 745 care partners)	Patients = 73.3 ± 9.3 Care partners 61.2 ± 13.8	Collaborative and interprofessional approaches hold promise for addressing current limitations in dementia care.
Aldridge et al.	2019	United Kingdom	Not reported	Admiral nurses (dementia specialized nurses)	n/a	n/a	The inclusion of Admiral Nursing within primary care networks and integrated care systems models could offer an opportunity to incorporate the specialist clinical skills and knowledge required to affect change and offer services closer to home.
Carter et al.	2021	China	Not reported	Persons with dementia and care partners	n/a	n/a	Cultural awareness, local knowledge and community engagement and education are crucial to the development and implementation of innovative solutions to support dementia care.
Davies & Larner	2010	United Kingdom	Not reported	Persons with dementia and care partners	51 patients (9 from family support workers, 42 from neurologist case records)	60 years (range: 42–78)	Devising an integrated care pathway which adequately addresses disease heterogeneity and patient needs in a slowly progressive disorder is difficult, but ultimately worthwhile to ensure timely diagnosis and access to appropriate care needs
Fitzgerald et al.	2018	Australia	Program conceptualization and evaluation	Persons with dementia and care partners	25 (7 patients, 18 care partners)	n/a	This research project used the “voice of consumers” to develop visualisations of eighteen personal journeys of people living with dementia and their carers. Participants stated that the consumer-centric, visual approach resonated very strongly with them, far more than the written output that they had been presented with in the past.
Forsyth et al.	2020	United Kingdom	Mixed methods study	Prison and community-based services staff	n/a	n/a	Authors developed a care pathway and training materials to provide a framework that prison officers, prisoners, health and social care staff, and other statutory and third-sector organisations can adapt to fit local circumstances.
Goeman et al.	2016	Australia	Program conceptualization	Persons with dementia and care partners	62 (11 care partners)	69 ± 14	The Specialist Dementia Nurses model of care and Culturally and Linguistically Diverse dementia care pathway addresses current healthcare system service gaps by providing culturally and linguistically diverse communities with health and social care services that are culturally appropriate.
Hampel et al.	2022	USA	Not reported	Persons with dementia and care partners	n/a	n/a	The conceptualization of Alzheimer’s Disease as a clinical–biological construct and the emerging biomarker-guided pathway-based treatments targeting Alzheimer’s Disease-associated pathophysiology highlight the importance and urgency of developing and implementing a global framework for the next-generation Alzheimer’s Disease clinical care pathway.
Hean et al.	2010	United Kingdom	Program conceptualization and evaluation	Case referrals	478 (cases diagnosed with dementia)	n/a	The Mid-Essex Memory and Support Service approach appears to meet its stated aims and has improved the service for people with dementia, their carers and families through its streamlined and integrated pathway.
Lhimsoonthonet al.	2019	Thailand	Not reported	Dementia care pathway stakeholders	346 (14 primary care providers, 21 community health volunteers, 319 older people, and 12 care partners of people with dementia)	n/a	In preparing to face a growing aging population with dementia, nurses and primary care providers should take leading roles in developing dementia care services by implementing this Dementia Care Service pathway at the primary care settings in the future.
Morhardt et al.	2015	USA	Not reported	Multidisciplinary outpatient clinicians	n/a	n/a	The CARE-D model recognizes the complexity of dementia syndromes and the unique needs of each person with dementia and the families. CARE-D builds a tailored care plan based on data from an individual’s psychosocial and neuropsychological assessments, relies on a skilled interdisciplinary team, and targets symptom-specific profiles, disease stage, and life stage.
Ollerenshaw	2015	Australia	Not reported	General physicians and nurses	n/a	n/a	The Dementia Pathways Tool provides information about region- specific, specialist dementia services and supports, together with current, accurate and relevant information about dementia to assist GPs in their practice, providing information to aid in assessment and diagnosis, referral, management and ongoing care. Access to an intuitive, online resource may also address the time restraints that some rural practitioners have identified as limiting their capacity to detect dementia.
Ollerenshaw et al.	2018	Australia	Cross sectional study	General physicians and nurses	42 (21 physicians, 21 nurses)	n/a	Online Dementia Pathway Tool provided rural and regional health practitioners access to clinical decision aids and region-specific referral and management resources for dementia. Findings suggest that the value of the pathway is closely connected to the content, the local resources and its perceived value to knowledge development and confidence. The Dementia Pathway Tool has the potential for wide ranging transferability to other health areas, particularly in rural and regional settings.
Petry et al.	2023	Switzerland	Mixed methods process evaluation	Nurses and clinical staff	72 (43 nurses, 29 clinical staff)	33.72 ± 10.20	Organisational and process factors are the most influential determinants to the implementation and delivery of dementia care in acute care settings. The complexity of dementia care, along with the complexity of care environments, add to the difficulty of improving care delivery. This evaluation of a ‘failed implementation’ suggests that assessing and addressing organisational readiness in terms of available resources and implementation climate, such as compatibility of the ‘new’ intervention with existing care processes and culture, may provide the most leverage to improvement

*Abbreviations: N/A, not available