Table 1. Characteristics of the participants during the baseline survey.
| Men (4,576) | Women (5,346) | |||||
| Current cigarette smokers |
Past smokers | Never smokers | Current cigarette smokers |
Past Smokers | Never smokers | |
| N, % | 1,335 (29.2) | 2,287 (50.0) | 954 (20.8) | 238 (4.5) | 471 (8.8) | 4,637 (86.7) |
| Age, mean (SD) | 56.64 (9.77) | 61.13 (8.93) | 58.83 (11.44) | 49.84 (9.55) | 52.95 (10.56) | 60.06 (9.86) |
| Number of smoking, mean (SD) | 18.07 (7.26) | 20.67 (9.91) | — | 10.74 (5.06) | 10.40 (7.34) | — |
| Years of smoking, mean (SD) | 35.58 (10.26) | 22.97 (12.48) | — | 25.06 (9.38) | 14.61 (9.81) | — |
| Pack-year, mean (SD) | 648.97 (324.38) | 500.83 (384.59) | — | 283.86 (190.91) | 171.59 (198.67) | — |
| <200, % | 77 (5.8) | 423 (21.3) | — | 90 (38.0) | 296 (69.0) | — |
| 200–399, % | 209 (15.7) | 457 (23.0) | — | 93 (39.2) | 82 (19.1) | — |
| 400–600, % | 298 (22.4) | 383 (19.3) | — | 31 (13.1) | 25 (5.8) | — |
| >600, % | 749 (56.2) | 725 (36.5) | — | 23 (9.7) | 26 (6.1) | — |
| Years after cessation, mean (SD) | — | 16.15 (11.79) | — | — | 12.41 (9.74) | — |
| 10, % | — | 594 (34.5) | — | — | 161 (42.4) | — |
| 10–20, % | — | 473 (27.4) | — | — | 125 (32.9) | — |
| >20, % | — | 657 (38.1) | — | — | 94 (24.7) | — |
| Body mass index, mean (SD) | 23.31 (3.20) | 24.12 (2.97) | 23.89 (2.98) | 22.57 (4.05) | 22.93 (3.79) | 22.80 (3.41) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD) | 128.56 (18.19) | 133.36 (17.25) | 131.46 (16.79) | 117.94 (17.24) | 123.16 (18.49) | 126.71 (18.82) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mean (SD) | 77.72 (11.37) | 80.83 (10.58) | 79.73 (10.88) | 68.62 (11.47) | 72.41 (11.36) | 72.88 (10.90) |
| Hypertension medication, % | 285 (21.3) | 826 (36.1) | 275 (28.8) | 16 (6.7) | 77 (16.3) | 1203 (25.9) |
| HbA1c, mean (SD) | 5.73 (0.70) | 5.76 (0.64) | 5.68 (0.66) | 5.51 (0.47) | 5.59 (0.51) | 5.66 (0.46) |
| Diabetes medication, % | 97 (7.3) | 251 (11.0) | 65 (6.8) | 6 (2.5) | 13 (2.8) | 205 (4.4) |
| LDL-cholesterol, median (IQR) | 112.6 (92.7–132.0) | 115.2 (95.4–134.6) | 116.2 (98.4–135.6) | 108.4 (88.0–132.2) | 113.3 (92.4–137.0) | 118.4 (99.4–139.2) |
| HDL-cholesterol, median (IQR) | 57.0 (48.0–68.0) | 61.0 (51.0–72.0) | 61.0 (52.0–71.0) | 66.5 (57.0–80.0) | 71.0 (61.0–84.0) | 71.0 (60.0–82.0) |
| Triglycerides, median (IQR) | 116.0 (82.5–176.0) | 105.0 (75.0–154.0) | 95.0 (67.0–131.0) | 85.0 (61.3–110.0) | 78.0 (57.5–109.0) | 79.0 (59.0–107.0) |
| Dyslidipemia medication, % | 111 (8.3) | 405 (17.7) | 126 (13.2) | 18 (7.6) | 54 (11.5) | 1,078 (23.2) |
| Daily drinker, % | 840 (63.0) | 1,408 (61.6) | 397 (41.7) | 66 (27.8) | 115 (24.4) | 269 (5.8) |
| Coffee >1 cup, % | 976 (74.1) | 1,347 (59.5) | 544 (57.6) | 204 (86.1) | 367 (88.8) | 3,167 (69.3) |
| Education | ||||||
| 9–12 years, % | 175 (13.2) | 342 (15.0) | 145 (15.3) | 15 (6.4) | 38 (8.1) | 752 (16.3) |
| 12–16 years, % | 787 (59.3) | 1,281 (56.2) | 492 (51.9) | 116 (49.2) | 197 (41.9) | 2,443 (52.9) |
| >16 years, % | 366 (27.6) | 658 (28.8) | 311 (32.8) | 105 (44.5) | 235 (50.0) | 1,427 (30.9) |
IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation.