Table 2.
Frequency of adhering to self-care behavior in patients with T2DM in Qazvin, Iran, 2022 (n = 412).
| Variables | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Self-care behaviours (0 to 7 days) | Mean(SD) | No self-care behavior | Self-care behavior at least 3 times in week | Self-care behavior at least daily | |
| Diet | |||||
| Adherence to a recommended healthy diet by the treating physician | 3.16(1.87) | 26(6.3) | 256(62.13) | 46(11.2) | |
| Adherence to a specific diet plan | 2.48(2.25) | 84(20.4) | 226(54.85) | 53(12.9) | |
| Consumption of 5 or more servings of fruits and vegetables | 2.64(1.67) | 12(2.9) | 323(78.40) | 27(6.6) | |
| Consumption of high-fat foods | 1.83(1.43) | 36(8.7) | 333(80.82) | 11(2.7) | |
| Consumption of excessive carbohydrates | 2.87(1.74) | 8(1.9) | 297(72.09) | 31(7.5) | |
| Exercise | |||||
| Engaging in at least 30 min of physical activity | 1.28(1.66) | 170(41.3) | 209(50.73) | 13(3.2) | |
| Participation in specialized exercise sessions (such as swimming, walking, cycling) | 0.59(1.58) | 354(85.9) | 47(11.41) | 11(2.7) | |
| Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) | |||||
| Frequency of blood glucose measurements | 1.97(2.06) | 88(21.4) | 267(64.80) | 45(10.90) | |
| Frequency of blood glucose measurements as recommended by the healthcare team and guidelines | 1.96(2.04) | 87(21.1) | 267(64.80) | 43(10.40) | |
| Frequency of insulin or anti-diabetic medication administration | 2.94(2.27) | 51(12.4) | 263(63.83) | 81(19.70) | |
| Foot care | |||||
| Frequency of foot examination or inspection | 0.31(1.07) | 350(85.00) | 51(12.39) | 6(1.5) | |
| Frequency of checking inside shoes | 0.17(0.93) | 387(93.9) | 17(4.1) | 6(1.5) | |
| Frequency of washing feet | 2.89(1.59) | 27(6.6) | 300(412) | 31(7.5) | |
| Frequency of drying between toes | 2.7(1.72) | 54(13.1) | 276(66.99) | 29(7.00) | |
| Cigarette smoking | Never | 241(58.5) | |||
| Sometimes | 97(23.5) | ||||
| Usually | 74(18.00) | ||||