Table 1.
Characteristics of the 17 studies included in the meta-analysis
| Ref. | Year | Study design |
Simple size
|
Mean/median age (year)
|
Female/male, n
|
Type of fracture, (AO/OTA: A/B/C), n
|
Treatment
|
Mean FU (months) | ||||
|
OP/non-OP
|
OP
|
Non-OP
|
OP
|
Non-OP
|
OP
|
Non-OP
|
OP
|
Non-OP
|
||||
| Rämö et al[25] | 2020 | RCT | 38/44 | 49.6 | 48.4 | 18/12 | 10/24 | 34/4/0 | 36/7/1 | ORPO | FB | 12 |
| Kumar et al[26] | 2017 | RCT | 20/20 | 37.6 | 32.7 | 5/15 | 6/14 | 20/0/0 | 19/1/0 | ORPO | FB | 6 |
| Hosseini et al[24] | 2019 | RCT | 30/30 | NA | NA | 7/23 | 4/26 | 18/4/8 | 21/5/4 | ORPO | FB | 12 |
| Matsunaga et al[23] | 2017 | RCT | 58/52 | 37.3 | 40.3 | 23/35 | 14/38 | 38/15/3 | 28/17/6 | MIPO | FB | 12 |
| Wallny et al[32] | 1997 | Cohort | 45/44 | 56 | 59 | 19/26 | 20/24 | NA | NA | Nail | FB | 27 |
| Jawa et al[15] | 2006 | Cohort | 19/21 | 50 | 41 | 8/11 | 12/9 | NA | NA | ORPO | FB | 21 |
| Oliver et al[27] | 2021 | Cohort | 139/523 | 44.7 | 58.5 | 60/79 | 299/224 | 82/53/4 | 169/283/72 | ORPO, nail | FB | 5 |
| Westrick et al[19] | 2017 | Cohort | 227/69 | 31 | 42 | 144/52 | 35/34 | NA | NA | ORPO, nail | FB | 12 |
| Mahabier et al[16] | 2013 | Cohort | 95/91 | 61.1 | 60.6 | 51/44 | 55/36 | 52/35/8 | 42/42/7 | ORPO | FB | NA |
| Harkin and Large[18] | 2017 | Cohort | 30/96 | NA | NA | 21/9 | 64/32 | NA | NA | ORPO, nail | FB | NA |
| Dielwart et al[28] | 2017 | Cohort | 40/31 | 37.5 | 39.3 | 22/18 | 8/23 | 23/8/9 | 16/7/8 | ORPO, nail | FB | 10.6 |
| Osman et al[31] | 1998 | Cohort | 72/32 | 48 | 48 | NA | NA | NA | NA | ORPO, nail | Splint | NA |
| Ekholm et al[30] | 2008 | Cohort | 7/20 | 47.6 | 52.6 | 3/4 | 15/3 | 7/0/0 | 20/0/0 | ORPO, nail | FB | 74.4 |
| Denard et al[29] | 2010 | Cohort | 150/63 | 34.9 | 36.4 | 68/82 | 29/34 | NA | NA | ORPO | FB | NA |
| Den Hartog et al[17] | 2022 | Cohort | 245/145 | 53 | 62 | 94/51 | 133/112 | 171/74/0 | 92/53/0 | ORPO, nail | FB | 12 |
| van Middendorp et al[11] | 2011 | Cohort | 33/14 | 53 | 51 | 14/19 | 9/5 | 6/17/10 | 6/5/3 | Nail | FB | 12 |
| Cannada et al[33] | 2021 | Cohort | 45/57 | 41 | 41.5 | 14/31 | 25/32 | 26/17/2 | 30/20/7 | ORPO | FB | 6 |
Because of the follow-up lost, the number of patients may less than that of the primary simple size. NA: Not available; RCT: Randomized clinical trials; ORPO: Open reduction and plate osteosynthesis; FU: Follow up; FB: Functional bracing; AO/OTA: AO Foundation and Orthopaedic Trauma Association; MIPO: Minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis; OP: Operation.