TABLE 3.

Known Adverse Outcomes Associated With Geriatric Conditions Among Subgroups of Patients With HF

	Malnutrition	Cachexia	Sarcopenia	Frailty	Cognitive Impairment
HFpEF	↑ Mortality ↑ Hospitalization	↑ Mortality ↑ Symptom burden ↓ QoL	↑ Mortality ↑ Hospitalization ↓ QoL ↑ Exercise capacity	↑ Mortality ↑ Hospitalization ↓ QoL ↑ Disability	↑ Mortality ↑ Hospitalization ↓ QoL ↑ Disability
HFrEF	↑ Mortality ↑ Hospitalization	↑ Mortality ↑ Symptom burden ↓ QoL	↑ Mortality ↑ Hospitalization	↑ Mortality ↑ Hospitalization ↓ QoL ↑ Disability	↑ Mortality ↑ Hospitalization ↓ QoL ↑ Disability
LVAD recipients	↑ Mortality ↑ ICU length of stay ↑ Sepsis	↑ Mortality	↑ Mortality ↑ GI bleeding	↑ Mortality ↑ Hospital LOS	↑ QoL
Transplant recipients	↑ Mortality ↑ Need for MCS ↑ Sepsis ↑ Acute kidney injury	↑ Mortality	↑ Infection	↑ Mortality ↑ Hospital LOS	↑ Mortality

GI = gastrointestinal; ICU = intensive care unit; HFpEF = heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF = heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; LOS = length of stay; LVAD = left ventricular assist device; MCS = mechanical circulatory support; QoL = quality of life.