Table 4.

Summary table of meta-analysis results of risk factors of sarcopenia in the older adult in China.

Risk factor	Number of included literature	Results of heterogeneity test		Effect model	Result
		I 2	p		OR (95%CI)	p
Sex (women vs. men) (24–26, 31, 36, 38, 39, 43, 47, 54, 65–68)	14	94.3%	<0.001	Random effect model	1.056 (0.936, 1.191)	0.376
Age (Continuous variable) (24, 25, 29, 32, 38, 43, 45, 49–51, 56, 59, 65, 67, 68)	15	67.5%	<0.001	Random effect model	1.128 (1.117, 1.139)	<0.001*
BMI (Continuous variable) (27, 29, 31, 33, 38, 45, 47, 49–52, 54, 59, 66, 67)	15	82.0%	<0.001	Random effect model	0.706 (0.686, 0.727)	<0.001*
Leg circumference (Continuous variable) (29, 47, 48, 55)	4	89.3%	<0.001	Random effect model	0.743 (0.702, 0.786)	<0.001*
Smoking (Yes vs. NO) (24, 47, 54)	3	66.8%	0.049	Random effect model	2.092 (1.469, 2.977)	<0.001*
Depression (Yes vs. NO) (31, 36, 41, 47)	4	0.0%	0.508	Fixed effect model	2.432 (1.716, 3.447)	<0.001*
Osteoporosis (Yes vs. NO) (34, 41, 49, 59)	4	0.0%	0.980	Fixed effect model	2.778 (1.918, 4.026)	<0.001*
Malnutrition (Yes vs. NO) (32, 55)	2	0.0%	0.587	Fixed effect model	2.656 (1.679, 4.200)	<0.001*
Malnutrition risk (Yes vs. NO) (28, 32, 39)	3	36.9%	0.205	Fixed effect model	2.224 (1.712, 2.891)	<0.001*
Malnutrition and malnutrition risk (Yes vs. NO) (36, 37, 65)	3	89.5%	<0.001	Random effect model	1.641 (1.334, 2.019)	<0.001*