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. 2024 May 7;63:27731. doi: 10.2340/1651-226X.2024.27731

Table 3.

Five-year cumulative incidence and relative risk (hazard ratios) of treatment-related death according to patient characteristics and cancer group among children diagnosed with cancer during 2001–2021.

Patient characteristics Events (n) Person- years 5-year Cumulative incidence (%)a p b Crude Adjusted
Hazard ratio (95% CI) p c Hazard ratio (95% CI) p c
Haematological cancers
Diagnostic periodd 0.20 0.20 0.20
 2001–2010 39 2,973 5.9 (4.2, 7.8) Reference Reference
 2011–2021 26 2,649 4.3 (2.9, 6.1) 0.70 (0.43, 1.15) 0.70 (0.43, 1.15)
 Linear trend per year 65 5,622 0.98 (0.94, 1.03) 0.50 0.99 (0.94, 1.03) 0.50
Sexe < 0.01 < 0.01 0.01
 Female 38 2,346 7.1 (5.1, 9.4) Reference Reference
 Male 27 3,277 3.6 (2.4, 5.1) 0.50 (0.31, 0.83) 0.52 (0.32, 0.85)
Age groupsf < 0.01 0.01 0.02
 Below 1 year 8 219 13.0 (6.2, 23.0) 2.96 (1.36, 6.43) 2.72 (1.25, 5.92)
 1–5 years 32 2,849 4.9 (3.4, 6.8) Reference Reference
 6–10 years 18 1,338 6.1 (3.7, 9.2) 1.20 (0.67, 2.13) 1.26 (0.71, 2.24)
 11–14 years 7 1,216 2.5 (1.1, 4.9) 0.51 (0.23, 1.16) 0.52 (0.23, 1.17)
Relapseg < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01
 No 49 5,348 4.3 (3.2, 5.6) Reference Reference
 Yes 16 274 10.0 (6.1, 16.0) 22.9 (11.60, 45.10) 21.20 (9.55, 47.20)
Stem cell transplanth 0.11 < 0.01 0.07
 No 53 5,103 4.7 (3.5, 6.0) Reference Reference
 Yes 12 519 7.7 (4.3, 12.0) 5.66 (2.82, 11.40) 2.22 (0.95, 5.18)
CNS involvementi 0.02 0.04 0.05
 No 57 5,325 4.7 (3.6, 6.0) Reference Reference
 Yes 8 297 11.0 (4.9, 19.0) 2.36 (1.13, 4.95) 2.28 (1.06, 4.90)
CNS tumours
Diagnostic periodd 0.40 0.40 0.30
 2001–2010 9 1,666 2.3 (1.1, 4.1) Reference Reference
 2011–2021 7 1,768 1.5 (0.7, 2.9) 0.64 (0.24, 1.73) 0.62 (0.23, 1.66)
 Linear trend per year 16 3,434 0.96 (0.88, 1.04) 0.30 0.96 (0.88, 1.04) 0.30
Sexe 0.12 0.12 0.11
 Female 11 1,686 2.6 (1.4, 4.4) Reference Reference
 Male 5 1,748 1.1 (0.4, 2.5) 0.44 (0.15, 1.27) 0.43 (0.15, 1.25)
Age groupsf 0.04 0.06 0.06
 Below 1 year 4 250 5.6 (1.8, 13.0) 2.74 (0.80, 9.36) 2.79 (0.82, 9.55)
 1–5 years 7 1,268 2.2 (1.0, 4.3) Reference Reference
 6–10 years 4 1,087 1.5 (0.5, 3.5) 0.67 (0.20, 2.28) 0.67 (0.20, 2.31)
 11–14 years 1 829 0.5 (0.1, 2.5) 0.22 (0.03, 1.77) 0.21 (0.03, 1.71)
Solid tumours
Diagnostic periodd 0.60 0.60 0.60
 2001–2010 5 2,399 0.9 (0.4, 2.0) Reference Reference
 2011–2021 7 2,219 1.3 (0.6, 2.5) 1.39 (0.44, 4.39) 1.39 (0.44, 4.39)
 Linear trend per year 12 4,618 1.05 (0.95, 1.16) 0.30 1.05 (0.95, 1.16) 0.30
Sexe 0.50 0.50 0.50
 Female 5 2,327 0.9 (0.6, 2.0) Reference Reference
 Male 7 2,291 1.3 (0.6, 2.6) 1.44 (0.46, 4.55) 1.44 (0.45, 4.57)
Age groupsf 0.30 0.13 0.14
 Below 1 year 3 1,061 1.2 (0.4, 3.3) 0.78 (0.20, 3.13) 0.75 (0.19, 3.01)
 1–5 years 6 1,579 1.6 (0.7, 3.3) Reference Reference
 6–10 years 0 932
 11–14 years 3 1,047 1.2 (0.3, 3.2) 0.76 (0.19, 3.04) 0.79 (0.20, 3.17)
Stem cell transplanth < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01
 No 7 4,347 0.7 (0.3, 1.4) Reference Reference
 Yes 5 270 5.8 (2.1, 12.0) 41.80 (8.04, 217.00) 46.90 (8.60, 256.00)
Metastasisg 0.01 0.01 0.02
 No 5 3,598 0.6 (0.2, 1.4) Reference Reference
 Yes 7 1,019 2.5 (1.1, 4.9) 4.22 (1.34, 13.30) 4.09 (1.30, 12.90)

All analyses were implicitly adjusted for time since diagnosis (underlying timescale).

a

5-year cumulative incidence (%) with 95% confidence intervals

b

Gray’s Test

c

Likelihood ratio test

d

Adjusted for age at diagnosis and sex

e

Adjusted for year of diagnosis and age at diagnosis

f

Adjusted for year of diagnosis and sex

g

Adjusted for year of diagnosis, age at diagnosis, sex and stem cell transplant (time-dependent)

h

Adjusted for year of diagnosis, age at diagnosis, sex and relapse (time-dependent)

i

Adjusted for year of diagnosis, age at diagnosis and sex. CNS: central nervous system.