Table 2.
Summary of Sample Characteristics and CSP and TES Parameters
| Former American football players (n = 175) | Former professional players (n = 117) | Former college players (n = 58) | Unexposed asymptomatic control (n = 55) | |
| Cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) | ||||
| CSP presence, n (%) | 136 (78) | 88 (75) | 48 (83) | 26 (47) |
| CSP length, mean (SD), mm | 6.2 (5.3) | 7.3 (6.1) | 4.2 (2.1) | 3.8 (2) |
| CSP ratio, mean (SD) | 0.11 (0.1) | 0.13 (0.11) | 0.08 (0.04) | 0.07 (0.03) |
| Traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) | ||||
| Yes TES, n (%) | 111 (63) | 80 (68) | 31 (53) | 0 (0) |
| Provisional levels of certainty for CTE pathology | ||||
| TES suggestive of CTE, n (%) | 34 (20) | 21 (18) | 13 (22) | 0 (0) |
| TES possible CTE, n (%) | 20 (12) | 15 (13) | 5 (9) | 0 (0) |
| TES probable CTE, n (%) | 57 (33) | 44 (38) | 13 (22) | 0 (0) |
| Definite CTE with TES, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Mean (SD), [Range]. “Former American Football Players” consist of “Former Professional Players” and “Former College Players.”