Table 2.
MR positive results of causal links between HP antibodies levels on PD-related phenotypes (P < 5 × 10-6).
| Exposure | Outcome | Nsnp | Methods | OR (95% CI) |
Beta | P value |
P value (Egger intercept) |
Pivw value (Cochran’s Q) |
P value (MR-PRESSO) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CagA | PD motor subtype (tremor/PIGD score ratio) |
10 | IVW | 0.85 (0.77-0.94) | -0.162 | 0.002 | 0.608 | 0.409 | 0.814 |
| CagA | PD motor subtype (tremor/PIGD score ratio) |
10 | Weighted median | 0.83 (0.72-0.95) | -0.191 | 0.007 | |||
| GroEL | PD motor subtype (tremor/PIGD score ratio) |
10 | IVW | 0.78 (0.64-0.94) | -0.249 | 0.010 | 0.350 | 0.665 | 0.409 |
| OMP | PD motor subtype (tremor/PIGD score ratio) |
10 | MR Egger | 1.59 (1.12-2.24) | 0.461 | 0.048 | 0.058 | 0.083 | 0.585 |
| VacA | Dementia due to PD | 7 | MR Egger | 1.93 (1.10-3.39) | 0.660 | 0.040 | 0.079 | 0.095 | 0.040 |
| OMP | Drug-induced secondary parkinsonism | 7 | IVW | 2.08 (1.06-4.08) | 0.732 | 0.033 | 0.377 | 0.370 | 0.563 |
MR, Mendelian randomization; HP, Helicobacter pylori; OR, odd ratio; CI, confidence interval; PD, Parkinson’s disease; PIGD, postural instability/gait difficulty; IVW, inverse-variance weighted method; CagA, cytotoxin-associated gene-A; GroEL, chaperonin GroEL; OMP, outer membrane protein; VacA, vacuolating cytotoxin-A.