| In general, biological drugs and Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) are considered safe in terms of the risk of infections and opportunistic infections (OI). |
| The overall incidence of infections and OI is increased with certain pharmacological groups, especially non-selective JAKi at high doses, rituximab, tocilizumab, and anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF). |
| The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) and TB reactivation is increased in patients undergoing anti-TNF therapy and tocilizumab; candidiasis in anti-IL-17 agents; reactivation of hepatitis B virus in rituximab (especially), anti-TNF, and JAKi; and infections by herpes simplex and varicella-zoster virus in JAKi (particularly tofacitinib and upadacitinib at high doses). |
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