Table 2.

ExerGameFlow model criteria for exergaming enjoyment in older adults

Element	Criteria
Concentration Exergames should require concentration and the players should be able to concentrate on the game	- Exergames must provide stimuli that are worth attending to - Players shouldn’t be burdened with tasks that don’t feel important - Exergames should have variation, while still being appropriate for the players physical and cognitive limitations - Music or sounds should be an available stimulus, but the possibility to mute and still be able to exergame should exist - Exergaming should be possible to do in the home environment
Challenge Exergames should be sufficiently challenging and match the players’ skill level	- Challenges in the exergames must match the older adults’ physical and cognitive levels - Exergames should provide different levels and variation of physical activity - The level of challenge and variation of the exergame should increase as the older adults progresses - Exergames should provide new challenges at an appropriate pace
Player Skills Exergames must support player skill development and mastery	- Exergame interfaces and mechanics should be easy to learn and use - A good familiarisation to the exergame is important, either within the exergame, on paper or through videos or given personally - The surrounding of the physical activity performed with the exergame should be safe (e.g. no slippery floors) - Follow-up after familiarisation (e.g. telephone follow-ups) should be given to motivate the players to be physically active - Exergames should increase the players’ skills at an appropriate pace as they progress through the exergame - Players should be rewarded during exergaming for their effort and skill development
Control Players should feel a sense of control over their actions in the exergame	- Players should feel a sense of control over their avatar or units and their movements and interactions in and with the exergame - Players should feel a sense of control over the exergame interface and input devices - Players should feel a sense of control over the game shell (starting, stopping, saving, etc.). A short-cut should be provided in the exergame, as this enables the players to navigate easy - Players should not be able to make errors that are detrimental to the exergame and should be supported in recovering from errors
Clear Goals Exergames should provide the player with clear goals	- Exergames should include clear goals in the game and on the players physical activities which they must perform
Feedback Players must receive appropriate feedback at appropriate times	- Players should receive feedback on the progress in the exergame and the progress of their physical activity - A summary of the exergame results and the results of the physical activity performed should be given at the end of each session - Players should always be able to access their physical activity status or score
Immersion Players should experience effortless involvement in the game	- Exergames physical activity should be closely related to everyday life activities or sports
Social Interaction Exergames should have the possibility to play together with others	- Exergaming should have the possibility to play with others or to compete within the exergame or with others - Exergames should have the ability to support social communities inside and outside the game