Skip to main content
. 2024 Aug 19;14:19169. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-70173-4

Table 2.

Results of farm review checklist for good agricultural practices (GAPs). Number of farms studied (n = 81).

No Farm aspect of good agricultural practice activity question Number of farms in each category (%)
Yes No NA
Water usage
 1 If the farm use irrigation, are steps taken to protect irrigation water from potential direct and nonpoint source contamination 0 76 (93.8) 5 (6.2)
Sewage treatment
 2 There is no municipal/commercial sewage treatment facility or waste material landfill adjacent to the farm 55 (67.9) 26 (32.1) 0
Animal/wildlife/livestock
 3 Vegetable farm areas are not located near or adjacent to dairy, livestock, or poultry production facilities unless adequate barriers exist 49 (60.5) 32 (39.5) 0
 4 Manure lagoons located near to the vegetable farm areas are maintained to prevent leaking/overflowing, or measures have been taken to stop runoff from contaminating the vegetable farm areas 16 (19.8) 27 (33.3) 38 (46.9)
 5 Manure stored near or adjacent to vegetable farm areas is contained to prevent contamination of crops 22 (27.2) 27 (33.3) 32 (39.5)
 6 Measures are taken to restrict access of livestock to the source or delivery system of crop irrigation water 0 0 81(100)
 7 Vegetable farm areas are monitored for the presence or signs of wild or domestic animals entering the land 0 0 81(100)
 8 Measures are taken to reduce the opportunity for wild and/or domestic animals from entering vegetable farm areas 16 (19.8) 65 (80.2) 0
Manure option A: raw manure
 9 When raw manure is applied, it is incorporated at least 2 weeks prior to planting or a minimum of 120 days prior to harvest 20 (24.7) 61 (75.3) 0
 10 Raw manure is not used on commodities that are harvested within 120 days of planting 20 (24.7) 61 (75.3) 0
 11 If both raw and treated manure are used, the treated manure is properly treated, composted or exposed to reduce the expected levels of pathogens 12 (14.8) 69 (85.2) 0
 12 Manure is properly stored prior to use 10 (12.3) 71 (87.7) 0
Manure option B: composted manure
 13 Only composted manure is used as a soil amendment 61 (75.3) 20 (24.7) 0
 14 Composted manure is properly treated, composted, or exposed to environmental conditions that would lower the expected level of pathogens 26 (32.1) 55 ( 67.9) 0
 15 Composted manure is properly stored and are protected to minimize recontamination 12 (14.8) 69 (85.2) 0

NA not applicable.