Skip to main content
. 2024 Aug 19;14:19138. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-69726-4

Table 3.

Standardised partial regression coefficients for the olfactory test scores in the multiple regression analyses of ICV-normalised GMVs (No adjustment by MoCA-J score).

ROI Standardised partial regression coefficient
Estimate [95% CI] P-value P-valueBH
No stratification Left hippocampus 0.056 [0.013, 0.099] 0.011 0.061
Right hippocampus 0.054 [0.011, 0.097] 0.014 0.050
Left amygdala 0.057 [0.011, 0.103] 0.015 0.040
Right parahippocampus 0.044 [− 0.003, 0.090] 0.064 0.118
Right olfactory cortex 0.031 [− 0.016, 0.079] 0.195 0.307
Stratification by age groups
Age < 65 years Right amygdala 0.015 [− 0.048, 0.078] 0.639 0.703
Left parahippocampus 0.006 [− 0.055, 0.067] 0.859 0.859
Age ≥ 65 years Right amygdala 0.089 [0.023, 0.156] 0.009 0.096
Left parahippocampus 0.072 [0.001, 0.143] 0.048 0.106
Stratification by sex
Men Left olfactory cortex  − 0.032 [− 0.115, 0.050] 0.441 0.607
Women Left olfactory cortex 0.021 [− 0.036, 0.079] 0.463 0.566

Left hippocampus, right hippocampus, left amygdala, and right amygdala (in individuals aged ≥ 65 years) were significantly associated with the olfactory score according to the Benjamini–Hochberg FDR multiple testing procedure (FDR < 0.1). The procedure is as follows: 1. identify the test subject with the highest p-value among those whose p-valueBH is below an FDR cut-off and 2. consider any test subject with a smaller p-value than that as significant.

CI confidence interval, ICV intracranial volume, GMV grey matter volume, MoCA-J Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Japanese version, FDR false discovery rate.

Regression analyses were performed using olfactory score, age, sex, education duration, and smoking history as explanatory variables in the analysis without stratification.

Regression analyses were performed using olfactory score, age, sex, education duration, and smoking history as explanatory variables in the age group stratification analysis and using olfactory score, age, education duration, and smoking history as explanatory variables in the sex stratification analysis.