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. 2024 Mar 21;14:6827. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-57610-0

Table 4.

Analysis results for variable irradiation test.

Test MPPT Settling times (ms) Voltage ripple (V) Power ripple (W) Efficiency (%) Error (IAE) Error (ISE)
1 INC 140 1.72 1.5 97.707 1.582 466.5
GA-MRAC 3.34 0.19 0.4 98.736 0.868 362.4
WOA-MRAC 3.25 0.18 0.3 98.811 0.8165 341.6
INC 63.77 2.16 2 98.47 0.2653 11.2
2 GA-MRAC 0.547155 0.16 0.08 99.993 0.00576 0.04855
WOA-MRAC 0.547155 0.2 0.1 99.994 0.00491 0.04897
INC 12.6914 1.63 1.8 98.46 1.32 157.3
3 GA-MRAC 0.9169 0.14 0.5 99.778 0.1889 1.515
WOA-MRAC 0.9533 0.15 0.5 99.793 0.1764 1.383
INC 6.2046 1.7 1.5 98.76 0.2629 16.49
4 GA-MRAC 0.002589 0.15 0.2 99.996 0.00944 0.0618
WOA-MRAC 0.8416977 0.13 0.1 99.994 0.01712 0.1151