Table 2. Characteristics of participants with and without abnormal CT findings at 6 months.
| Characteristics | CT-positive group (n = 22) | CT-negative group (n = 46) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 59 (55–66) | 31 (26–39) | < 0.001 | |
| Male sex | 12 (54.5) | 16 (34.8) | 0.199 | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.6 ± 3.3 | 23.0 ± 3.3 | 0.066 | |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 3 (1–3.75) | 0 (0–0) | < 0.001 | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Cerebrovascular accident | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.2) | > 0.999 | |
| Hypertension | 11 (50.0) | 1 (2.2) | < 0.001 | |
| Coronary artery disease | 1 (2.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0.324 | |
| Diabetes | 9 (40.9) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.001 | |
| Symptoms at admission | ||||
| None | 1 (4.5) | 3 (6.5) | > 0.999 | |
| Cough | 9 (40.9) | 23 (50.0) | 0.658 | |
| Sputum | 6 (27.3) | 7 (15.2) | 0.324 | |
| Fever/chills | 14 (63.6) | 27 (58.7) | 0.901 | |
| Rhinorrhea | 0 (0.0) | 11 (23.9) | 0.012 | |
| Dyspnea | 6 (27.3) | 1 (2.2) | 0.004 | |
| Diarrhea | 0 (0.0) | 11 (23.9) | 0.012 | |
| Dysosmia | 3 (13.6) | 33 (71.7) | < 0.001 | |
| Dysgeusia | 3 (13.6) | 24 (52.2) | 0.006 | |
| Sore throat | 1 (4.5) | 14 (30.4) | 0.026 | |
| CXR grade at admission | < 0.001 | |||
| Grade 0 (no lesion) | 0 (0.0) | 29 (67.4) | ||
| Grade 1 (0–25%) | 4 (19.0) | 12 (27.9) | ||
| Grade 2 (25–50%) | 2 (9.5) | 2 (4.7) | ||
| Grade 3 (50–75%) | 3 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Grade 4 (75–100%) | 12 (57.1) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Pulmonary function test | ||||
| FEV1, L | 2.8 ± 0.7 | 3.0 (2.6–3.5) | 0.013 | |
| FEV1, % | 93.1 ± 8.7 | 94.0 (89–100) | 0.301 | |
| FVC, L | 3.5 ± 0.9 | 3.6 (3.1–4.2) | 0.079 | |
| FVC, % | 89.8 ± 11.8 | 93.2 ± 8.8 | 0.194 | |
| FEV1/FVC | 80.2 ± 5.3 | 84.3 ± 7.2 | 0.024 | |
| DLCO | 86.4 ± 12.9 | 82.9 ± 10.4 | 0.246 | |
| Ordinal severity scale during admission | < 0.001 | |||
| Mild | 0 (0.0) | 37 (82.2) | ||
| Moderate | 12 (54.5) | 8 (17.8) | ||
| Severe | 10 (45.5) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Highest level of ventilatory support | < 0.001 | |||
| No respiratory support | 0 (0.0) | 6 (13.3) | ||
| Oxygen therapy | 7 (31.8) | 39 (86.7) | ||
| Invasive ventilation | 15 (68.2) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Residual symptoms at 6 mon | ||||
| None | 10 (45.5) | 26 (56.5) | 0.551 | |
| Cough | 2 (9.1) | 1 (2.2) | 0.243 | |
| Sputum | 2 (9.1) | 1 (2.2) | 0.243 | |
| Chest pain/palpitation | 1 (4.5) | 6 (13.0) | 0.414 | |
| Dyspnea | 2 (9.1) | 2 (4.3) | 0.590 | |
| Dysosmia | 1 (4.5) | 5 (10.9) | 0.656 | |
| Dysgeusia | 1 (4.5) | 2 (4.3) | > 0.999 | |
| Insomnia | 0 (0.0) | 2 (4.3) | > 0.999 | |
| Hair loss | 2 (9.1) | 2 (4.3) | 0.590 | |
| Memory loss/poor concentration | 1 (4.5) | 5 (10.9) | 0.656 | |
| Depression | 1 (4.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.324 | |
| Headache | 1 (4.5) | 4 (8.7) | > 0.999 | |
| Mild abdominal pain | 1 (4.5) | 1 (2.2) | 0.546 | |
| Fatigue | 4 (18.2) | 1 (2.2) | 0.035 | |
| Myalgia | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.2) | > 0.999 | |
| Sore throat | 1 (4.5) | 1 (2.2) | 0.546 | |
| Duration of hospital stay | 33.5 (25.3–40) | 27.0 (19.3–37) | 0.084 | |
| Smoking status at admission | > 0.999 | |||
| Current smoker | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.2) | ||
| Ex-smoker | 1 (4.5) | 3 (6.5) | ||
| Nonsmoker | 18 (81.8) | 28 (60.9) | ||
| Antibody at 6 mon | ||||
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG, U/mL | 25.2 (13.7–43.3) | 7 (3.0–13.4) | < 0.001 | |
Values are presented as numbers of participants (%), mean ± standard deviation, or median (interquartile range).
CT = chest tomography, BMI = body mass index, CXR = chest radiograph, FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in 1 second, FVC = forced vital capacity, DLCO = diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide, SARS-CoV-2 = severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, IgG = immunoglobulin G.