Table 3. Characteristics of participants with and without abnormal CT findings at 18 months.
| Characteristics | CT-positive group (n = 13) | CT-negative group (n = 29) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 62.0 (58.0–71.0) | 32.0 (25.0–45.0) | < 0.001 | |
| Male sex | 9 (69.2) | 9 (31.0) | 0.048 | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.0 ± 2.8 | 24.2 ± 3.4 | 0.318 | |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 3 (2–4) | 0 (0–1) | < 0.001 | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 7 (53.8) | 2 (6.9) | 0.002 | |
| Coronary artery disease | 1 (7.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0.310 | |
| Diabetes | 6 (46.2) | 1 (3.7) | 0.001 | |
| Symptoms at admission | ||||
| Cough | 6 (46.2) | 11 (37.9) | 0.871 | |
| Sputum | 4 (30.8) | 4 (13.8) | 0.226 | |
| Fever/chills | 9 (69.2) | 13 (44.8) | 0.143 | |
| Rhinorrhea | 0 (0.0) | 8 (27.6) | 0.043 | |
| Dyspnea | 3 (23.1) | 2 (6.9) | 0.162 | |
| Diarrhea | 0 (0.0) | 6 (20.7) | 0.153 | |
| Dysosmia | 1 (7.7) | 15 (51.7) | 0.007 | |
| Dysgeusia | 1 (7.7) | 13 (44.8) | 0.032 | |
| CXR grade at admission | < 0.001 | |||
| Grade 0 (no lesion) | 0 (0.0) | 15 (51.7) | ||
| Grade 1 (0–25%) | 0 (0.0) | 12 (41.4) | ||
| Grade 2 (25–50%) | 1 (7.7) | 2 (6.9) | ||
| Grade 3 (50–75%) | 2 (15.4) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Grade 4 (75–100%) | 10 (76.9) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Pulmonary function test | ||||
| FEV1, L | 2.8 ± 0.5 | 3.1 ± 0.6 | 0.107 | |
| FEV1, % | 96.4 ± 14.1 | 94.2 ± 9.7 | 0.562 | |
| FVC, L | 3.5 ± 0.6 | 3.7 ± 0.8 | 0.256 | |
| FVC, % | 85.9 ± 11.6 | 94.3 ± 9.3 | 0.016 | |
| FEV1/FVC | 80.6 ± 5.5 | 83.7 ± 7.3 | 0.188 | |
| DLCO | 87.5 ± 15.1 | 83.7 ± 10.9 | 0.360 | |
| Ordinal severity scale during admission | < 0.001 | |||
| Mild | 0 (0.0) | 20 (69.0) | ||
| Moderate | 7 (53.8) | 9 (31.0) | ||
| Severe | 6 (46.2) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Highest level of ventilatory support | < 0.001 | |||
| No respiratory support | 0 (0.0) | 6 (20.7) | ||
| Oxygen therapy | 3 (23.1) | 23 (79.3) | ||
| Invasive ventilation | 10 (76.9) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Residual symptoms at 18 mon | ||||
| None | 9 (69.2) | 21 (77.8) | 0.700 | |
| Dyspnea | 1 (7.7) | 1 (3.7) | > 0.999 | |
| Chest pain | 1 (7.7) | 3 (11.1) | > 0.999 | |
| Headache | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.7) | > 0.999 | |
| Dysosmia | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.7) | > 0.999 | |
| Duration of hospital stay | 33.0 ± 12.8 | 28.2 ± 12.6 | 0.267 | |
| Smoking status at admission | ||||
| Current smoker | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.4) | ||
| Ex-smoker | 1 (8.3) | 3 (10.3) | ||
| Nonsmoker | 11 (91.7) | 25 (86.2) | ||
| Antibody at 6 mon | ||||
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG, U/mL | 40.3 (17.3–60.6) | 7.1 (4.1–18) | < 0.001 | |
| Antibody at 18 mon | ||||
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG, U/mL | 25.1 (8–59.2) | 1.4 (0.7–2.4) | < 0.001 | |
Values are presented as numbers of participants (%), mean ± standard deviation, or median (interquartile range).
CT = chest tomography, BMI = body mass index, CXR = chest radiograph, FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in 1 second, FVC = forced vital capacity, DLCO = diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide, SARS-CoV-2 = severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, IgG = immunoglobulin G.