Table 1.
Baseline and clinical characteristics between subjects with COPD and CPFE.
| Variable | Total (n = 259) | COPD (n = 207) | CPFE (n = 52) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), years | 67.39 ± 8.14 | 67.29 ± 8.16 | 67.79 ± 8.16 | 0.694 |
| Gender, n (%) | 0.182 | |||
| Female | 24 (9.3) | 22 (10.6) | 2 (3.8) | |
| Male | 235 (90.7) | 185 (89.4) | 50 (96.2) | |
| BMI | 22.63 ± 3.26 | 22.71 ± 3.12 | 22.40 ± 3.68 | 0.644 |
| Occupation, n (%) | 0.894 | |||
| Farmers | 92 (35.5) | 72 (34.8) | 20 (38.5) | |
| Employees | 30 (11.6) | 26 (12.6) | 4 (7.7) | |
| Freelancer | 7 (2.7) | 6 (2.9) | 1 (1.9) | |
| Retired | 81 (31.3) | 64 (30.9) | 17 (32.7) | |
| Unemployed | 19 (7.3) | 14 (6.8) | 5 (9.6) | |
| Other | 30 (11.6) | 25 (12.1) | 5 (9.6) | |
| Blood type (ABO), n (%) | 0.844 | |||
| A | 56 (35.2) | 47 (35.1) | 9 (36.0) | |
| B | 35 (22.0) | 30 (22.4) | 5 (20.0) | |
| O | 55 (34.6) | 47 (35.1) | 8 (32.0) | |
| AB | 13 (8.2) | 10 (7.5) | 3 (12.0) | |
| Smoking status, n (%) | 0.202 | |||
| Current smoker | 108 (42.9) | 85 (42.1) | 23 (46.0) | |
| Former smoker | 116 (46.0) | 91 (45.0) | 25 (50.0) | |
| Non-smoker | 28 (11.1) | 26 (12.9) | 2 (4.0) | |
| Cigarette consumption-pack years | 45.00 (30.00–60.00) | 45.00 (30.00–60.00) | 40.00 (30.00–72.75) | 0.941 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Lung cancer | 129 (52.7) | 108 (55.1) | 21 (42.9) | 0.125 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 53 (20.5) | 45 (21.7) | 8 (15.4) | 0.310 |
| Hypertension | 98 (37.8) | 79 (38.2) | 19 (36.5) | 0.829 |
| Coronary heart disease | 66 (25.5) | 54 (26.1) | 12 (23.1) | 0.656 |
| Cerebrovascular diseases | 25 (9.7) | 19 (9.2) | 6 (11.5) | 0.794 |
| Diabetes | 54 (20.8) | 40 (19.3) | 14 (26.9) | 0.228 |
| Tuberculosis | 79 (30.5) | 65 (31.4) | 14 (26.9) | 0.615 |
| Chronic liver diseases | 20 (7.7) | 17 (8.2) | 3 (5.8) | 0.773 |
| Rheumatic diseases | 26 (10.0) | 15 (7.2) | 11 (21.2) | 0.003 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 7 (2.7) | 4 (1.9) | 3 (5.8) | 0.147 |
| Systemic sclerosis | 4 (1.5) | 2 (1.0) | 2 (3.8) | 0.097 |
| ANCA-associated vasculitis | 5 (1.9) | 2 (1.0) | 3 (5.8) | 0.057 |
| Idiopathic inflammatory myositis | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 1.000 |
| Gout | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 1.000 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 2 (0.8) | 2 (1.0) | 0 (0) | 1.000 |
| Osteoarthritis | 3 (1.2) | 2 (1.0) | 1 (1.9) | 0.491 |
| Mixed connective tissue disease | 3 (1.2) | 1 (0.5) | 2 (3.8) | 0.104 |
| Clinical Manifestations, n (%) | ||||
| Fever | 74 (28.7) | 58 (28.0) | 16 (31.4) | 0.635 |
| Cough | 225 (87.2) | 183 (88.4) | 42 (82.4) | 0.246 |
| Expectoration | 213 (82.6) | 174 (84.1) | 39 (76.5) | 0.201 |
| Hemoptysis | 32 (12.4) | 26 (12.6) | 6 (11.8) | 0.877 |
| Dyspnea | 176 (68.2) | 142 (68.6) | 34 (66.7) | 0.791 |
| Lung function | ||||
| FEV1, L | 1.67 ± 0.64 | 1.57 ± 0.62 | 1.97 ± 0.61 | 0.002 |
| FEV1, % predicted | 66.00 ± 21.58 | 62.99 ± 21.48 | 74.24 ± 19.93 | 0.012 |
| FVC, L | 2.73 ± 0.70 | 2.68 ± 0.66 | 2.87 ± 0.82 | 0.169 |
| FVC, % predicted | 82.88 ± 18.27 | 82.48 ± 17.85 | 83.96 ± 19.64 | 0.702 |
| FEV1/FVC, % | 60.62 ± 14.74 | 57.64 ± 14.24 | 69.46 ± 12.66 | <0.001 |
| DLCO, mmol/min/kPa | 3.95 ± 1.58 | 4.03 ± 1.73 | 3.73 ± 1.11 | 0.490 |
| DLCO, % predicted | 51.19 ± 18.90 | 52.81 ± 20.01 | 46.95 ± 15.29 | 0.253 |
| TLC, L | 4.46 ± 0.89 | 4.40 ± 0.86 | 4.62 ± 0.98 | 0.384 |
| Extent of emphysema lesion | 0.695 | |||
| 0 % | 14 (5.4) | 14 (6.8) | 0 (0.0) | |
| <5 % | 40 (15.5) | 35 (16.9) | 5 (9.8) | |
| 5%–25 % | 80 (31.0) | 59 (28.5) | 21 (41.2) | |
| 25%–50 % | 32 (12.4) | 24 (11.6) | 8 (15.7) | |
| 50%–75 % | 43 (16.7) | 31 (15.0) | 12 (23.5) | |
| 75%–100 % | 49 (19.0) | 44 (21.3) | 5 (9.8) |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD), medians (IQR) and n (%). P values were calculated by Student t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate. P values indicate differences between COPD and CPFE.